Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Gebelikte Eş Şiddeti; Maternal, Fetal ve Neonatal Sağlık Üzerindeki Etkileri
Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy; Effects of Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Health
Fatma Nilüfer TOPKARAa, Nebahat ÖZERDOĞANb
aTepebaşı İlçe Sağlık Müdürlüğü, Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
bEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ebelik Bölümü ABD, Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2020;5(1):150-6
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2019-65201
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Eş şiddeti dünya genelinde kadına yönelik şiddetin en yaygın görülen formu olup, bir insan hakları ihlali ve önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Araştırma sonuçları, kadınların yaşamlarının herhangi bir döneminde olduğu gibi gebelik dönemlerinde de eş şiddetine maruz kaldığını hatta uygulanan şiddet oranının artabildiğini göstermektedir. Gebelikte; cinsel birliktelik sıklığının azalması, kadınlarda duygusallığın artması, gebelik stresi, babanın bebeği kıskanması, ebeveynlik rolüne uyum sağlayamama veya eş ilgisinin bebeğe yönelmesi, ekonomik baskıların artması gibi nedenlerden dolayı şiddet görme riski artabilmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü verilerine göre, gebelikte eş/partner tarafından uygulanan fiziksel şiddet prevalansı %4-12 arasında değişirken, Türkiye'de ulusal verilere göre %8,3 olarak bildirilmektedir. Kadının, yaşamında en hassas ve riskli dönemlerden biri olan gebelik sürecinde eş şiddetine maruz kalması, anne ve bebeğin fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığının yanı sıra sosyal boyuttaki etkileriyle de ciddi olumsuz sonuçlara yol açan bir durumdur. Sağlık profesyonellerinin konuyu kişinin mahremi olarak görmesinden ya da şiddet mağdurlarının yaşadıkları şiddeti dile getirmekten çekinmesinden dolayı şiddet mağduru gebeler gözden kaçabilmekte, sağlık hizmetinden yararlanmaları mümkün olmayabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; gebelikte eş şiddetinin maternal, fetal ve neonatal sağlık üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek, aynı zamanda gebelik izlemlerinde önemli bir konumda bulunan ebeler ve diğer sağlık çalışanlarının konuya yönelik farkındalıklarının artırılmasına katkı sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Şiddet; gebelikte eş şiddeti; sağlık üzerindeki etkileri
ABSTRACT
 Intimate partner violence is the most common form of violence against women worldwide and is a human rights violation and an important public health problem. The results of the research show that women are exposed to violence during pregnancy as well as in any period of their lives, and even the rate of violence is increased. The World Health Organization, according to data on pregnancy partner physical violence applied by the prevalence ranged from 4% to 12%, according to national data was reported as 8.3% in Turkey. This ratio varies depending on the level of education and welfare of women. The exposure of the woman to her intimate partner during the pregnancy, which is one of the most sensitive and risky periods in her life, has a serious negative effect on the physical and mental health of the mother and her baby as well as on the social dimension. Because health professionals consider the subject to be the person's intimacy or they are afraid of the violence experienced by the victims of violence, pregnant women who are victims of violence may be overlooked and they may not be able to benefit from health services. The aim of this review is to examine the effects on maternal, fetal and neonatal health of intimate partner violence during pregnancy, and to contribute to the awareness raising of midwives and other health professionals who are in a significant position during pregnancy follow-up.

Keywords: Violence; intimate partner violence in pregnancy; effects on health
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