Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Gebelik ve Laktasyonda İyot Durumu
Iodine Status in Pregnancy and Lactation
Funda ELMACIOĞLUa, Elif EMİROĞLUa
aBeslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, İstinye Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
J Lit Pharm Sci.2019;8(3):163-70
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2019-70771
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Tiroid hormonlarının sentezinde, büyüme ve gelişme sürecinde önemli fonksiyonları olan iyot elementinin yetersizliği ülkelerin %95'ini etkileyen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Yetersiz deniz ürünleri tüketimi, iyottan fakir topraklarda yetişen besinlerin tüketimi, guatrojen alımı gibi nedenlerle oluşan yetersizlik sonucunda; hipotiroidizm, büyüme yetersizliği, hücresel oksidasyon ve bazal metabolik hızda azalma gibi olumsuz sonuçlar meydana gelebilmektedir. Özellikle gebelik ve laktasyon dönemlerinde çeşitli nedenlerle gereksinimi artan bu element; gebelik sürecinin sağlıklı bir şekilde tamamlanması, tiroid fonksiyonlarının korunması, merkezi ve çevresel sinir sistemi gelişiminin sağlıklı sürdürülebilmesi için yeterli düzeyde alınmalıdır. İyot yetersizliğine bağlı olarak anne ve bebekte oluşabilecek sağlık sorunları daha önceki çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. İyodun gebelikte fazla alınmasına bağlı olarak hipotiroidizm meydana gelebilmekte, bu durum Wollf- Chaikoff etkisi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Yetersizliği kadar fazla alımının da benzer sağlık sonuçlarına yol açabileceği dikkate alınarak, iyot durumunun takip edilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Gebe ve emzikliler tarafından tüketilen içme suyunun iyot içeriğinin uygun olduğundan emin olunmalıdır. İyodun en önemli kaynağı olan iyotlu tuzun yeterli düzeyde tüketilmesi, hazırlama ve saklama koşullarına dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir. Klinik, biyokimya ve besin tüketim durumu açısından değerlendirilen gebelere eğer gerekli görülürse uygun formda iyot desteği sağlanmalıdır. Bu makale, gebelik ve laktasyon dönemlerinde iyot elementinin rolüne, iyot yetersizliğinin önemine ve değerlendirme yöntemlerine, dünyada ve ülkemizdeki mevcut duruma ve iyot desteğinin gerekliliğine değinmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hipotiroidizm; iyot; emzirme; hamilelik
ABSTRACT
 Iodine has functions in important processes such as synthesis of thyroid hormones, growth and development and it is an important health problem effects 95% of all countries. Idoine deficiency due to insufficient intake of iodine from seafoods, consumption of food grows in iodinepoor soils, intake of guatrogen leads to hypothyroidism, growth retardation and reduction of cellular oxidation and basal metabolic rate. Iodine requirement increases during pregnancy and lactation periods. It should be taken adequate in order to complete pregnancy in a healthy manner, to protect thyroid fuctions and to maintain healthy central and peripheral nervous system development. Health problems in mother and baby due to iodine deficiency have been shown in previous studies. Hypothyroidism may occur due to excess iodine intake during pregnancy; this is called the Wollf-Chaikoff effect. Intake of iodine in normal level should be provided since excessive of iodine can cause serrious health problems. Ensure that the iodine content of drinking water consumed by pregnant and breastfeeding is appropriate. Iodine salt, which is the most important source of iodine, should be consumed sufficiently, and it is necessary to pay attention to the preparation and storage conditions. Pregnant women should be evaluated in terms of clinical, biochemistry and nutritional status; and iodine supplementation should be provided if appropriate. This article discusses the role of iodine in pregnancy and lactation periods, the importance of iodine deficiency and evaluation methods, the current situation in the world and in our country and the necessity of iodine supplementation.

Keywords: Hypothyroidism; iodine; lactation; pregnancy
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