Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: REVIEW
Flört Şiddeti Üzerine Bir İnceleme
An Analysis on Dating Violence
Burcu TÜRKa, Nurcan HAMZAOĞLUb, Aslı YAYAKc
aHaliç Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bİstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
cBursa Teknik Üniversitesi İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Bursa, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2020;17(1):73-81
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2019-70929
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Flört şiddeti; kişiler arası şiddet türlerinden biri olup, şiddet türleri arasında en yaygın olanlardan biridir. Flört şiddeti dünyada önemli bir sorun olup; flört şiddetinin karmaşıklığını, nedenlerini ve sonuçlarını anlamak için gösterilen çabalar önem ve gereklilik arz etmektedir. Flört şiddeti, hem ülkemizde hem de dünyada son yıllarda daha sık araştırılan bir konu hâline gelmiş olup, görülme sıklığı araştırmalara göre farklılıklar göstermiş olsa da azımsanmayacak oranlarda olduğu dikkati çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada da flört şiddeti, nedenleri, önleme çalışmalarına yönelik bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. Literatürde çeşitli tanımlamaları bulunan flört şiddetini, genel olarak, birbiriyle romantik ilişki içerisinde olan 2 kişi arasındaki şiddet olarak ifade etmek mümkündür. Flört şiddetinin nedenleri karmaşık olup, pek çok faktörün bir etkileşim içinde olmasıyla meydana geldiğini söylemek mümkündür. Flört şiddetinin risk faktörleri olarak çocuklukta istismara ve ihmale uğramak, ebeveynleri arasındaki şiddete tanıklık etmek, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin kalıp yargılar ve şiddete ilişkin kabullenici tutumlar geliştirilmesi gibi faktörler sayılabilir. Flört şiddetine uğrayanlarda depresyon, anksiyete bozuklukları, travma sonrası stres bozuklukları, yeme bozuklukları, cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar, istenmeyen gebelikler ve düşükler, öz güvende azalma, utanç ve suçluluk duygularının oluşması, öfke patlamaları, intihar düşüncesi ya da girişimi gibi durumların sıklıkları da artmaktadır. Flört şiddeti, hem ülkemizde hem de dünyada yaygın olarak görülmekle birlikte nedenleri ve sonuçlarına ilişkin daha kapsamlı araştırmaların varlığına ihtiyaç duyulmakta, yanı sıra bireylerin sağlığını ve refahını artırmak için önleme ve müdahale programlarının geliştirilmesi de önem arz etmektedir. Flört şiddetinin hoş görülmediği bir iklim yaratmanın, kadını güçlendirmenin ve toplum içerisindeki statülerini iyileştirmenin, toplumsal normları değiştirmenin, flört şiddetine yönelik farkındalıkların artırılmasının ve flört şiddetini kabul edici tutum düzeylerini azaltmak için eğitim programlarının hazırlanmasının flört şiddetini önleme açısından önemli olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Şiddet; kişiler arası şiddet; flört şiddeti; partner şiddeti
ABSTRACT
 Dating violence is one of the most common types of violence among individuals. The violence of dating is a major problem in the world. The efforts to understand its complexity, causes and consequences of the violence of dating are important and necessary. The violence of dating has become a more frequently investigated topic in both our country and the world in recent years, but it is worth noting that the ratio is considerable although there are differences in prevalence compared to research. In this study, it is aimed to make an evaluation about the dating violence, causes and prevention studies. In the body of literature, dating violence, which has various definitions, can be expressed as violence between two people who are generally romantically involved. It is possible to say that the causes of dating violence are complex and many factors occur in an interaction. Abuse and neglect of childhood, witnessing violence among their parents, stereotypes on gender roles, and the development of acceptance attitudes towards violence can be counted among the risk factors of dating violence. Depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, eating disorders, sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies and miscarriages, decreased self-esteem, shame and guilt feelings, bursts of anger, the frequency of situations like suicidal thoughts or initiatives increase in individuals that experienced dating violence. The violence of dating is widely seen both in our country and in the world, but there is a need for more extensive research on the causes and consequences, as well as the development of prevention and intervention programs to increase the health and wellbeing of individuals are also important. Creating a climate where dating violence is not tolerated, strengthening women and improving their status in society, changing social norms, increasing awareness about dating violence and preparing training programs to reduce the level of accepting attitudes of dating violence is important in terms of preventing the violence of dating.

Keywords: Violence; interpersonal violence; dating violence; intimate partner violence
REFERENCES:
  1. World Health Organization (WHO). World report on violence and health: summary. Geneva: WHO; 2002. p.331.
  2. Subaşı N. [Effects on violence against women and women's health]. Aktüel Tıp Dergisi. 2001;6(1).
  3. Quinlan A. Dating violence, college. In: Finley LL, ed. Encyclopedia of School Crime and Violence. 1st ed. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO; 2011. p.128-30.
  4. Uluocak Ş, Gökulu G, Bilir O. [A strategic starting point for the elimination of violence against women: intimate partner violence]. International Journal of Human Sciences. 2014;11(2): 362-87. [Crossref] 
  5. Ellsberg M, Arango DJ, Morton M, Gennari F, Kiplesund S, Contreras M, et al. Prevention of violence against women and girls: what does the evidence say? Lancet. 2015;385(9977): 1555-66. [Crossref] 
  6. Puig A. Predomestic strife: a growing college counseling concern. Journal of College Student Personnel. 1984;25(3):268-69.
  7. Offenhauer P, Buchalter A. Teen Dating Violence: a Literature Review and Annotated Bibliography. 1st ed. Washington: U.S. Department of Justice; 2011. p.90. [Crossref] 
  8. Anderson KM, Danis FS. Collegiate sororities and dating violence: an exploratory study of informal and formal helping strategies. Violence Against Women. 2007;13(1):87-100. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. World Health Organization (WHO). Preventing intimate partner and sexual violence against women: Taking action and generating evidence. Geneva: World Health Organization and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; 2010. p.94.
  10. Ali PA, Dhingra K, McGarry J. A literature review of intimate partner violence and its classifications. Aggress Violent Behav. 2016;31: 16-25. [Crossref] 
  11. Finley LL. Datiing violence. Encyclopedia of School Crime and Violence. 1st ed. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO; 2011. p.130-2.
  12. Özdere M, Kürtül N. [The effect of dating violence training on the attitudes of university students towards dating violence]. SSD Journal. 2018;3(9):123-36. [Crossref] 
  13. Kepir-Savoly DD, Ulaş Ö, Demirtaş-Zorba S. [Factors that influence level of couple violence acceptance among university students]. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal. 2014;5(42):173-83.
  14. Ozaki R, Otis MD. Gender Equality, Patriarchal Cultural Norms, and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence: Comparison of Male University Students in Asian and European Cultural Contexts. Violence Against Women. 2017;23(9):1076-99. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Gressard A, Swahn MH, Tharp AT. A First Look at Gender Inequality as a Societal Risk Factor for Dating Violence. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2015;49(3):448-57. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  16. Downey G, Feldman S, Ayduka Ö. Rejection sensitivity and male violence in romantic relationships. Personal Relationships. 2000;7:45-61. [Crossref] 
  17. Özgür G, Yörükoğlu G, Baysan-Arabacı L. [High school student's perception of violence, level of tendency to violence and effective factors]. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2011;2(2):53-60.
  18. Polat, O. Şiddet. Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2006; 22(1):15-34.
  19. García-Moreno C, Jansen HAFM, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts C. WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women: initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women's responses. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005. p.198.
  20. World Health Organization (WHO). Health care for women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence: A clinical handbook. Geneva: WHO; 2014. p.99.
  21. Follingstad DR, DeHart DD. Defining psychological abuse of husbands toward wives: contexts, behaviors, and typologies. J Interpers Violence. 2000;15(9):891-920. [Crossref] 
  22. Can Gürkan Ö, Coşar F. Ekonomik şiddetin kadın yaşamındaki etkileri. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi. 2009;2(3):124-9.
  23. Aslan D, Vefikuluçay D, Zeyneloğlu S, Erdost T, Temel F. Ankara'da iki hemşirelik yüksekokulunun birinci ve dördüncü sınıflarında okuyan öğrencilerinin flört şiddetine maruz kalma, flört ilişkilerinde şiddet uygulama durumlarının ve bu konudaki görüşlerinin saptanması araştırması. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Kadın Sorunları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi; 2008. p.61.
  24. Tarı Selçuk K, Avcı D, Mercan Y. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Flört Şiddetine Maruziyet: Flört Şiddetine Yönelik Tutumların ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısının Şiddete Maruziyet ile İlişkisi. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg. 2018;9(3):302-8. [Crossref] 
  25. Polat Y, İpekçi N, Yurdagül G, Öztürk M, Tatlı S, Yavuzekinci M. [Determining the prevalence of dating violence among the students of vocational higher school of health services]. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2016;25(3):361-80.
  26. Koyuncu Kütük E, Gümüştaş F, Han Almış B. [Predictors of dating violence in college girls and differences from non-dating violence in psychiatric outcomes]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2018;19(2):217-22.
  27. Açıkgöz B, Açıkgöz B, Karakoyun A, Aslan Yüksel N, Akca F, Demir Akca A, et al. [Evaluation of violence in flirtous relationship among 5th and 6th grade students in a faculty of medicine]. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2018;10(2):168-74. [Crossref] 
  28. Tjaden P, Thoennes N. Prevalence and consequences of male-to-female and female-to-male intimate partner violence as measured by the national violence against women survey. Violence Against Women. 2000;6(2):142-61. [Crossref] 
  29. Council of Europe. Recommendation Rec of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the protection of women against violence. Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe; 2002. p.48.
  30. Devries KM, Mak JY, García-Moreno C, Petzold M, Child JC, Falder G, et al. Global health. The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women. Science. 2013;340(6140):1527-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. McDonnell K, Abdulla S. Project AWARE, Asian/Pacific Islander Resource Project 2001. Retrieved from http://hopeinlifefoundation.org/i ndex.php/research/ Narrative. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/narrative.
  32. Roberts AL, Austin SB, Corliss HL, Vandermorris AK, Koenen KC. Pervasive trauma exposure among US sexual orientation minority adults and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(12):2433-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. Walters ML, Chen J, Breiding MJ. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 findings on victimization by sexual orientation. Atlanta: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2013. p.41. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_sofindings.pdf. [Crossref] 
  34. Bliton CF, Wolford-Clevenger C, Zapor H, Elmquist J, Brem MJ, Shorey RC, et al. Emotion dysregulation, gender, and intimate partner violence perpetration: an exploratory study in college students. J Fam Violence. 201;31(3):371-7. [Crossref] 
  35. Black MC, Basile KC, Breiding MJ, Smith SG, Walters ML, Merrick MT, et al. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 summary report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2011. p.106.
  36. Breiding MJ, Smith SG, Basile KC, Walters ML, Chen J, Merrick MT. Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization: National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved 28.06.2019, from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ mmwrhtml/ss6308a1.htm.
  37. Yıldırım S, Terzioğlu F. [A different side of violence: dating violence, effects and influencing factors]. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;21(4):285-92.
  38. Jewkes R. Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention. Lancet. 2002;359(9315): 1423-9. [Crossref] 
  39. Qu J, Wang L, Zhao J. Correlates of attitudes toward dating violence among police cadets in China. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2014;62(16):4888-903. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  40. Reyes HL, Foshee VA, Niolon PH, Reidy DE, Hall JE. Gender role attitudes and male adolescent dating violence perpetration: normative beliefs as moderators. J Youth Adolesc. 2016;45(2):350-60. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  41. Reidy DE, Smith-Darden JP, Cortina KS, Kernsmith RM, Kernsmith PD. Masculine discrepancy stress, teen dating violence, and sexual violence perpetration among adolescent boys. J Adolesc Health. 2015;56(6):619-24. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  42. Bookwala J, Zdaniuk B. Adult attachment styles and aggressive behavior within dating relationships. J Soc Pers Relat. 1998;15(2): 175-90. [Crossref] 
  43. Ulloa EC, Martinez-Arango N, Hokoda A. Attachment anxiety, depressive symptoms, and adolescent dating violence perpetration: a longitudinal mediation analysis. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 2014;23(6): 652-69. [Crossref] 
  44. Bonache H, Gonzalez-Mendez R, Krahé B. Romantic attachment, conflict resolution styles, and teen dating violence victimization. J Youth Adolesc. 2017;46(9):1905-17. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  45. Jordan CE, Nietzel MT, Walker R, Logan TK. Intimate Partner Violence: A Clinical Training Guide for Mental Health Professionals. 1st ed. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2004. p.208.
  46. Gelles RJ. The Violent Home. 1st ed. Beverley Hills: Sage; 1974. p.230.
  47. Levinson D. Family Violence in Cross-Cultural Perspective. 4th ed. Newbury Park: Sage Publications; 1989. p.146.
  48. Callahan MR, Tolman RM, Saunders DG. Adolescent dating violence victimization and psychological well-being. Journal of Adolescent Research. 2003;18(6):664-81. [Crossref] 
  49. Caldwell JE, Swan SC, Woodbrown VD. Gender differences in intimate partner violence outcomes. Psychol Violence. 2012;2(1):42-57. [Crossref] 
  50. Golding JM. Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental disorders: a meta-analysis. Journal of Family Violence. 1999;14:99-132. [Crossref] 
  51. Fergusson D, Horwood L, Ridder E. Partner violence and mental health outcomes in a New Zealand birth cohort. J Marriage Fam. 2005;67:1103-19. [Crossref] 
  52. Harned MS. Abused women or abused men? An examination of the context and outcomes of dating violence. Violence Vict. 2001;16(3): 269-85. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  53. Anderson KL. Perpetrator or victim? Relationships between intimate partner violence and well-being. J Marriage Fam. 2002;64(4):851-63. [Crossref] 
  54. Romito P, Grassi M. Does violence affect one gender more than the other? The mental health impact of violence among male and female university students. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(6):1222-34. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  55. Wong FY, Huang ZJ, DiGangi JA, Thompson EE, Smith BD. Gender differences in intimate partner violence on substance abuse, sexual risks, and depression among a sample of South Africans in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Educ Prev. 2008;20(1):56-64. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  56. Slashinski MJ, Coker AL, Davis KE. Physical aggression, forced sex, and stalking victimization by a dating partner: an analysis of the National Violence against Women Survey. Violence Vict. 2003;18:595-617. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  57. Nathanson AM, Shorey RC, Tirone V, Rhatigan DL. The prevalence of mental health disorders in a community sample of female victims of intimate partner violence. Partner Abuse. 2012;3(1):59-75. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  58. Silverman JG, Raj A, Mucci LA, Hathaway JE. Dating violence against adolescent girls and associated substance use, unhealthy weight control, sexual risk behavior, pregnancy, and suicidality. JAMA. 2001;286(5):572-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  59. Garthe RC, Sullivan TN, Behrhorst KL. A latent class analysis of early adolescent peer and dating violence: associations with symptoms of depression and anxiety. J Interpers Violence. 2018;1-19. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  60. Holt MK, Espelage DL. Social support as a moderator between dating violence victimization and depression/anxiety among African American and Caucasian adolescents. School Psychology Review. 2005;34(3):309-28.
  61. Reviere SL, Farber EW, Tworney H, Okun A, Jackson E, Zanville H. Intimate partner violence and suicidality in low-income African American women: a multimethod assessment of coping factors. Violence Against Women. 2007;13(11):1113-29. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  62. Dixon L, Graham-Kevan N. Understanding the nature and etiology of intimate partner violence and implications for practice and policy. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31(7):1145-55. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  63. Bandiera O, Buehren N, Burgess R, Goldstein M, Gulesci S, Rasul I, et al. Empowering adolescent girls: evidence from a randomized control trial in Uganda. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2012. [Crossref] 
  64. Sarnquist C, Omondi B, Sinclair J, Gitau C, Paiva L, Mulinge M, et al. Rape prevention through empowerment of adolescent girls. Pediatrics. 2014;133(5):1226. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  65. Butchart A, Mikton C. Global status report on violence prevention, 2014. Technical Report. World Health Organization; 2014. Available from: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/30034. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  66. Resmi Gazete (8.3.2012/28239), 6284 sayılı Ailenin Korunması ve Kadına Karşı Şiddetin Önlenmesine Dair Kanun; 2012. p.10. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6284.pdf.
  67. Resmi Gazete (26.9.2004/25611), 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu; 2004. p.96. http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.5237.pdf.

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com