Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Examination of Force and Joint Position Senses in Hip Joints of Aerobic Gymnasts of Different Age Groups, and Comparison Effect of External Load to Joint Position Sense
Farklı Yaş Gruplarındaki Aerobik Cimnastikçilerin Kalça Eklemlerinde Kuvvet ve Eklem Pozisyon Duyularının İncelenmesi ve Dış Yükün Eklem Pozisyon Duyusuna Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması
Deniz TIKIZa, Muammer ALTUNa
aDepartment of Coaching Education, Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Sports Sciences, Manisa, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2022;14(1):42-8
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2021-84216
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aimed to investigate the development of target joint position sense (JPS) and force sense (FS) in young gymnasts at different age groups and compare the effect of external load on position sense. Material and Methods: A total of 38 gymnasts were divided into three age groups: 12-14, 15-17, and 18 and over age groups. The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) forces of the participants at a 90-degree hip angle were measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. For the isometric FS test, the target of 50% MVIC was used. Two active JPS tests were performed with and without a load. For the JPS test under load, 50% of MVIC was isotonically applied. The error scores were acquired from the absolute difference between the reproduced and targeted values in all conditions. Results: Results of repeated measures indicated the significant main effect of loads [F(1,37)=7.41, p=0.010, η2 =0.17]. Significant differences were found between no-load and under load JPS error values [t(37)=2.72, p=0.010]. Under load (2.05 ±1.86-degree), absolute error scores were statistically less than no-load (3.50 ±3.02-degree). A significant negative correlation was found between age groups and FS error scores. Conclusion: The hip JPS improves with the external load. Testing gymnasts' joint position sense acuity under external loads, such as the nature of the sport, may be a more appropriate test criterion. This is especially important in determining the criteria for returning to sports after injury. Those in the higher age group make fewer FS errors. This indicates that strength acuity improves as the age of athletes improves and reveals the contribution of aerobic gymnastics to the development of the sense of force.

Keywords: Joint position sense; force sense; external load; age; aerobic gymnastics
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmada, farklı yaş gruplarındaki genç cimnastikçilerde hedef eklem pozisyon duyusu ve kuvvet duyusu gelişimini araştırmak ve dış yükün pozisyon duyusu üzerindeki etkisini karşılaştırmak amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Toplam 38 cimnastikçi 12-14, 15-17 ve 18 ve üzeri yaş grupları olmak üzere yarışma yaşlarına göre 3 gruba ayrıldılar. Katılımcıların 90 derecelik kalça açısında maksimum istemli izometrik kasılma kuvvetleri izokinetik dinamometre ile ölçüldü. İzometrik kuvvet duyusu testi için hedef olarak maksimum istemli izometrik kasılmanın %50'si kullanıldı. Harici yüklü ve yüksüz 2 aktif eklem pozisyonu duyusu testi yapıldı. Yük altında eklem pozisyonu duyusu testi için maksimum istemli izometrik kasılmanın %50'si harici yük olarak uygulandı. Tüm koşullarda hata skorları hedeflenen ve üretilen değerler arasındaki mutlak farktan elde edildi. Bulgular: Tekrarlanan ölçümlerin sonuçları, harici yükün önemli bir etkisi olduğunu gösterdi [F(1,37)=7,41, p=0,010, η2=0,17]. Yüksüz ve harici yüklü eklem pozisyonu duyusu hata değerleri arasında önemli farklar bulundu [t(37)=2,72, p=0,010]. Yük altında, mutlak hata skorları (2,05±1,86-derece) istatistiksel olarak yüksüz durumdan (3,50±3,02 derece) daha düşüktü. Yaş grupları ile kuvvet duyusu hata puanları arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyon bulundu. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, kalça eklem pozisyon duyusu harici yük altında iyileşti. Cimnastikçilerin eklem pozisyon duyusu keskinliklerini sporun doğasındaki gibi harici yük altında test etmek daha uygun bir test kriteri olabilir. Bu durum, özellikle sakatlık sonrası spora dönüş kriterlerinin belirlenmesinde önemlidir. Daha yüksek yaş grubundakiler daha az kuvvet algılama hatası yapmaktadır. Bu durum, sporculuk yaşı ilerledikçe kuvvet keskinliğinin iyileştiğinin göstergesidir ve aerobik cimnastiğin kuvvet duyusu gelişimine katkısını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Eklem pozisyon duyusu; kuvvet duyusu; harici yük; yaş; aerobik cimnastik
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