Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Methylglyoxal and Thyme Oil in Elimination of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: An in vitro Study
Enterococcus faecalis Biyofilminin Elimine Edilmesinde Metilglioksal ve Kekik Yağının Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi: Bir in vitro Çalışma
Didem SAKARYALI UYARa,b, Aylin ÜSKÜDAR GÜÇLÜb
aBaşkent University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ankara, Türkiye
bBaşkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2024;30(4):631-9
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2024-103993
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The antimicrobial activity of methylglyoxal and thyme essential oil (TEO) against Enterococcus faecalis, a pathogen responsible for resistant root canal infections due to its biofilm-forming ability, has not been sufficiently documented. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the methylglyoxal and TEO for removing E. faecalis biofilm on root canal using microbiological culture and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Material and Methods: A total of 128 root samples were incubated with E. faecalis for three weeks to form mature biofilm. The infected samples were then, randomly distributed into 4 groups and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, methylglyoxal (40% in water), TEO (100% pure), and 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride (negative control). After the irrigation procedure, samples were assessed through microbiological culture and CLSM. The statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Culture results indicated no statistically significant difference between sodium hypochlorite and methylglyoxal (p=0.250; p≥0.05), sodium hypochlorite and TEO (p=0.274; p≥0.05) and methylglyoxal and TEO (p=0.500; p≥0.05). In addition, CLSM images showed a higher population/prevalence of dead cells in samples treated with methylglyoxal and sodium hypochlorite compared to isotonic sodium chloride and TEO. Conclusion: Methylglyoxal and TEO demonstrated similar efficacy as sodium hypochlorite in removing E. faecalis biofilm, suggesting these two tested agents' potential as alternate irrigation solutions to sodium hypochlorite in root canal treatment.

Keywords: Antibiofilm activity; Enterococcus faecalis; Manuka honey; methylglyoxal; thyme essential oil
ÖZET
 Amaç: Metilglioksal ve kekik esansiyel yağının [thyme essential oil (TEO)], biyofilm oluşturma yeteneği nedeniyle dirençli kök kanalı enfeksiyonlarından sorumlu bir patojen olan Enterococcus faecalis'e karşı antimikrobiyal aktivitesini gösteren yeterli araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, E. faecalis biyofilmini uzaklaştırmak için metilglioksal ve TEO'nun, antibakteriyel ve antibiyofilm aktivitesini mikrobiyolojik kültür ve lazer taramalı konfokal mikroskopla değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma kapsamında kök örnekleri (n=128) E. faecalis ile 3 hafta süreyle inkübe edilerek olgun biyofilm oluşturuldu. Daha sonra enfekte örnekler rastgele 4 farklı gruba dağıtıldı ve %5,25 sodyum hipoklorit, %0,9 izotonik sodyum klorür, metilglioksal (suda %40) ve TEO (saf %100) ile irrigasyon yapıldı. İrrigasyon işleminin ardından örnekler mikrobiyolojik kültür yöntemi ve konfokal lazer tarama mikroskobu ile değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Kültür sonuçlarına göre sodyum hipoklorit ile metilglioksal (p=0,250; p≥0,05), sodyum hipoklorit ile TEO (p=0,274; p≥0,05), metilglioksal ile TEO (p=0,500; p≥0,05) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Ayrıca lazer taramalı konfokal mikroskopla alınan görüntülerde, irrigasyon sonrası metilglioksal ve sodyum hipoklorit gruplarında izotonik sodyum klorür ve TEO gruplarına göre daha fazla ölü hücre görüntülendi. Sonuç: Metilglioksal ve TEO, E. faecalis biyofilminin uzaklaştırılmasında sodyum hipoklorit ile benzer etkinlik göstermiştir ki test edilen bu iki ajanın, kök kanal tedavisinde sodyum hipoklorite alternatif irrigasyon solüsyonları olarak potansiyelini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Antibiyofilm aktivite; Enterococcus faecalis; Manuka balı; metilglioksal; kekik esansiyel yağı
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