Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Evaluating the Influence of Horse Nutrition on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Netherlands
Hollanda'da At Beslenmesinin Sera Gazı Emisyonları Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Gülşah KAYA KARASUa
aVan Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, South Holland, Netherlands
Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2024;15(2):39-46
doi: 10.5336/vetsci.2024-104328
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of current horse feeding practices on greenhouse gas (GHG). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to gather data from horse livery yards for warmblood horses 4-14 years owners/managers in the Netherlands in 2022. In this study, demographic information, feeding specifics, body weight (BW) and workload were recorded. The GHG emissions from each horse's diet were calculated using the Ecoinvent v3.6-cut-off database. The collected data were calculated using Systat 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Normally distributed data were presented as mean±standard deviation. Results: The study included 180 warmblood geldings ranging in age from 4 to 14. The estimated mean BW of the horses was 540.2±104.2 kg. The majority of horses were fed grass hay (92%), with some offered lucerne (26%), and haylage (24%). The mean forage intake was 7.4±6.2 kg/d (as fed). The majority of the horses were fed concentrate feeds (90%). Supplements were commonly used (84%). The mean concentrate intake was 4±2.2 kg/d and supplement intake was 90.24±96.2 g/d. The global warming potential (GWP) from feding compromises 3.70±1.74 CO2 eq from forage 1.90±2.0 CO² eq from concentrates, 0.32±1.80 CO² eq from supplements and 0.06±0.12 CO² eq from packaging. Conclusion: Equine forage feeding had the highest GHG impact in terms of GWP compared to other feed sources, most likely due to the hay production process; additional research is needed to confirm this assessment. A limitation of this study was the use of comparisons with other animal feeding sectors to conceptualize an emissions scale.

Keywords: Horse; feeding; sustainability; greenhouse gas emissions; global warming potential
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, mevcut at besleme uygulamalarının sera gazı [greenhouse gas (GHG)] üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2022 yılında Hollanda'da 4-14 yaş arası sıcakkanlı atların sahipleri/yöneticileri için yapılan kesitsel bir anketle veriler toplandı. Çalışmada demografik bilgiler, beslenme detayları, vücut ağırlığı (VA) ve çalışma yükü bilgileri toplandı. Her atın diyetinden kaynaklanan GHG emisyonları Ecoinvent v3.6-Cut-Off veri tabanı kullanılarak hesaplandı. Tanımlayıcı veriler Systat 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL) kullanılarak hesaplandı. Normal dağılıma sahip veriler ortalama±standart sapma olarak sunulmuştur. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 4-14 yaş arası toplam 180 sıcakkanlı kısrak dâhil edilmiştir. Atların tahmini ortalama VA'sı 540,2±104,2 kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Atların çoğunluğu çayır otu (%92), bazıları ise yonca (%26) ve silaj (%24) ile beslenmiştir. Ortalama kaba yem alımı 7,4±6,2 kg/gün (verilen şekilde) olarak belirlenmiştir. Atların çoğunluğu yoğun yemlerle beslenmiştir (%90). Takviyeler yaygın olarak kullanılmıştır (%84). Ortalama yoğun yem alımı 4±2,2 kg/gün ve takviye alımı 90,24±96,2 g/gün olarak belirlenmiştir. Beslemeden kaynaklanan küresel ısınma potansiyeli [global warming potential (GWP)], kaba yemlerden 3,70±1,74 CO² eq, yoğun yemlerden 1,90±2,0 CO2 eq, takviyelerden 0,32±1,80 CO² eq ve ambalajdan 0,06±0,12 CO² eq olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç: At kaba yem beslemesi, büyük olasılıkla saman üretim süreci nedeniyle GWP açısından en yüksek GHG etkisine sahiptir; bu değerlendirmeyi doğrulamak için ek araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmanın bir sınırlaması, emisyon ölçeğini kavramsallaştırmak için diğer sektörlerle yapılan karşılaştırmaların kullanılmasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: At; besleme; sürdürülebilirlik; sera gazı emisyonları; küresel ısınma potansiyeli
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