Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: REVIEW
Erken Evliliklere Neden Olan Faktörler, Tutum ve Kadın Sağlığı Üzerine Etkisi
The Factors Causing Early Marriages, Their Attitudes and Their Effects on Women's Health
Fatma ZERENa, Elif GÜRSOYa
aEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2020;12(1):124-32
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2019-70358
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Bu çalışmada; özellikle kız çocuklarının sağlığını ve yaşamını olumsuz etkileyen ve son yıllarda daha görünür hâle gelen erken evliliklerin; literatür ışığında hukuk sistemindeki yerini, nedenlerini, erken evliliklere yönelik tutumu ve kadın sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini derinlemesine ele almak amaçlanmıştır. Yaygınlığı ve nedenleri toplumdan topluma değişen erken yaşta evlilikler her iki cinsiyette görülse de en çok kız çocuklarını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu evliliklere neden olan faktörlerin başında; yoksulluk, eğitimsizlik, kültürel ve dini değerler, aile namusunu koruma kaygısı ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri gelmektedir. Erken evliliklere neden olan bu faktörler bireylerin bu evliliklere olan tutumunu da beraberinde etkilemektedir. Bu evliliklerin yaygın olduğu toplumlarda erken yaşta evlen(diril)en, eğitim seviyesi ve erken evliliğe yönelik bilgi düzeyi düşük kız çocuklarının tutumlarının daha olumlu olduğu, erken evliliği daha çok destekledikleri bildirilmektedir. Bu evliliklerin, aynı zamanda kadın sağlığı üzerinde; erken yaşta olumsuz cinsel ilişki deneyiminin yaşanmasına, cinsel uyumsuzluk ve cinsel sorunlara, istenmeyen gebelik oranında artışa, erken ve sık gebeliklere, sağlıksız düşük ve küretajlara, anne-çocuk ölümlerinde artan risklere, artan HIV insidansına, cinsel yolla bulaşan diğer enfeksiyonlara, fiziksel ve cinsel şiddete vb. olumsuz sonuçlara yol açtığı bilinmektedir. Erken evliliklerin kadın bedeni ve hayatı üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda; erken evliliğe neden olan faktörlerin ortadan kaldırılabilmesi için gerekli önlemlerin alınması, bu evliliklerin kadın sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz sonuçları hakkında kadınlarda farkındalık oluşturulması, erken evliliklere yönelik sıkı yasal uygulamaların uygulanması, kadınların sağlık hizmetlerinden daha fazla yararlanmalarının desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Erken evlilik; çocuk gelin; tutum; kadın sağlığı
ABSTRACT
 The aim of this review is to examine in depth the place, causes, attitudes towards early marriages and the negative effects on women's health in the legal system in light of the literature of early marriages which have a negative impact on the health and life of girls and which have become more visible in recent years. Early marriages, which vary in prevalence and causes from society to society, are seen in both sexes, but mostly affect girls. At the beginning of these marriages; poverty, lack of education, cultural and religious values, anxiety of protecting family honor ve and gender inequalities. These factors that cause early marriages also affect the attitudes of individuals to these marriages; it is reported that the attitudes of girls with low marital status, education level and low level of knowledge about early marriage are more positive and support more early marriage in societies where these marriages are widespread. These marriages are also on women's health; to experience negative sexual intercourse at an early age, sexual mismatch and sexual problems, increase in unwanted pregnancy rate, early and frequent pregnancies, unhealthy abortions and curetages, increased risks of mother-child deaths, increased HIV incidence, sexually transmitted infections, physical and sexual violence. etc. It is known to cause negative consequences. Considering the negative effects of early marriages on female body and life; necessary measures should be taken in order to eliminate the factors that cause early marriages, to raise awareness on the negative consequences of these marriages on women's health, to implement strict legal practices for early marriages and to support women to benefit more from health services.

Keywords: Early marriage; child bride; attitude; women health
REFERENCES:
  1. Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu İ, Ergöçmen BA. [Factors that pave the way for becoming a child bride]. Journal of Sociological Research. 2012;15(2):129-61.
  2. UNICEF. Ending child marriage: Progress and prospects. New York: UNICEF; 2014. p.8. https://www.unicef.org/media/files/Child_Marriage_Report_7_17_LR..pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 20.04.2019.
  3. Loaiza SE, Wong S. Marrying too young. End child marriage. New York: United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA); 2012. p.72. https://www.right-to-education.org/sites/right-to-education.org/files/resource-attachments/UNFPA_Marrying_too_Young_2012.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 19.04.2019.
  4. Güneş M, Selcuk H, Demir S, İbiloğlu AO, Bulut M, Kaya MC, et al. [Marital harmony and childhood psychological trauma in child marriage]. Journal of Mood Disorders. 2016;6(2):63-70. [Crossref] 
  5. UNICEF. Child marriage: latest trends and future prospects. Retrieved from New York, NY: UNICEF; 2018. p.8. https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Child-Marriage-Data-Brief. pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 19.04.2019.
  6. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). Evlenme İstatistikleri 2017.
  7. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. Doğum öncesi bakımların zamanlaması ve sayısı. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması 2013. Sağlık Bakanlığı Ana Çocuk Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Genel Müdürlüğü, Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Müsteşarlığı ve TÜBİTAK. Ankara, Türkiye: Elma Teknik Basım Matbaacılık Ltd Şti; 2013. p.144-5.
  8. Birleşmiş Milletler. Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşme; 1995. p.16. http://cocukhaklari.barobirlik.org.tr/dokuman/mevzuat_uamevzuat/birlesmismilletler.pdf.
  9. Kadınlara Karşı Her Türlü Ayrımcılığın Kaldırılması Sözleşmesi. Kabul Tarihi: 18.12.1979, Yürürlük Tarihi: 3.9.1981, Türkiye'nin Onaylama Tarihi: 11.6.1985, Türkiye'de Yürürlük Tarihi: 19.1.1986. https://www.tukd.org.tr/?page_id=410 Erişim tarihi: 26.09.2019.
  10. İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi. p.4. http://www.unicankara.org.tr/doc_pdf/h_rigths_turkce.pdf Erişim tarihi: 26.09.2019.
  11. Türk Medeni Kanunu. Kanun Numarası: 4721, Kabul Tarihi: 22.11.2001, Yayımlandığı Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 8.12.2001, Yayımlandığı Resmi Gazete Sayısı: 24607. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.4721.pdf Erişim tarihi: 26.09.2019.
  12. Türk Ceza Kanunu. Kanun Numarası: 5237, Kabul Tarihi: 26.9.2004, Yayımlandığı Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 12.10.2004, Yayımlandığı Resmi Gazete Sayısı: 25611. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.5237.pdf Erişim tarihi: 26.09.2019
  13. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Araçları. http://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-2-zero-hunger.html. Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2019.
  14. Laws Wlum. Child, early and forced marriage: a multi-country study. A Submission to the UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OCHCR); 2013. p.51.
  15. Rumble L, Peterman A, Irdiana N, Triyana M, Minnick E. An empirical exploration of female child marriage determinants in Indonesia. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):407. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  16. Grépin KA, Klugman J. Closing the deadly gap between what we know and what we do. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2013. p.32.
  17. Ahmed T. Child marriage: a discussion paper. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics. 2015;6(2):8-14. [Crossref] 
  18. Rajwani AA, Pachani NHA. Early marriage of girls in Pakistan. i-Manager's Journal on Nursing. 2015;5(3):13. [Crossref] 
  19. Yeung WJJ, Mu Z. Migration and marriage in Asian contexts. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2019;1-17. [Crossref] 
  20. Bilginer Ç, Kütük MÖ. [Child marriages]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Child Psychiatry-Special Topics. 2017;3(3):188-94.
  21. Jordana AD. Situational Analysis on Child, Early and Forced Marriage in Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. World Vision; 2016. p.40.
  22. Lane S. Stealing innocence: child marriage and gender inequality in Pakistan. Finland: Plan Finland & Abo Akademi University; 2011. p.1-44.
  23. Ji Y. Negotiating marriage and schooling: Nepalese women's transition to adulthood. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. 2013;646(1):194-213. [Crossref] 
  24. Ertem M, Kocturk T. Opinions on early-age marriage and marriage customs among Kurdish-speaking women in southeast Turkey. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2008;34(3):147-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Günen H, Poyraz Tacoğlu T. [Preferential and traditional marriages in Mardin: reasoning and the decision making process]. Hacettepe University Journal of Turkish Studies/HÜTAD Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2017;26:187-222.
  26. CARE 2015. Vows of Poverty: 26 Countries Where Child Marriage Eclipses Girls' Education. Atlanta, United States: CARE; 2015. p.41. https://insights.careinternational.org.uk/media/k2/attachments/Vows-of-Poverty_2015.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2019.
  27. Özcebe H, Biçer BK. An important female child and women problem: child marriages. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2013;48:86-93. [Crossref] 
  28. Malatyalı MK. ['Child bride' problem in Turkey]. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi. 2014;2(3):27-
  29. Mahdaviazad H, Malekmakan L, Sayadi M, Tadayon T. Trends in age at first marriage in women and related factors: a population-based study in southwestern Iran. Women Health. 2018;59(2):171-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Plan U. Breaking Vows. Early and Forced Marriage and Girls' Education; 2011. p.34.
  31. Sultana A, Salam MA. A Study on impact of early marriage on women health in Bangladesh. JARIMS; 2017.
  32. Malatyalı MK, Kaynak BD, Hasta D. A social dominance theory perspective on attitudes toward girl child marriages in Turkey: the legitimizing role of ambivalent sexism. Sex Roles. 2017;77(9-10):687-96. [Crossref] 
  33. McDougal L, Jackson EC, McClendon KA, Belayneh Y, Sinha A, Raj A, et al. Beyond the statistic: exploring the process of early marriage decision-making using qualitative findings from Ethiopia and India. BMC Womens Health. 2018;18(1):144. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  34. Gage AJ. Child marriage prevention in Amhara region, Ethiopia: association of communication exposure and social influence with parents/guardians' knowledge and attitudes. Soc Sci Med. 2013;97:124-33. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Vandana V, Simarjeet K, Manisha S. Assessment of knowledge and attitude of school girls regarding early marriage and early pregnancy. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research. 2017;7(4):297-302.
  36. Azeez EPA, Poonia A. Determinants, attitudes and practices on child marriage: evidences from rural rajasthan. Social Work Chronicle. 2015;4(1):1-15. [Crossref] 
  37. Hamed A, Yousef F. Prevalence, health and social hazards, and attitude toward early marriage in ever-married women, Sohag, Upper Egypt. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2018;92(4):228-34. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  38. Patricia A. Knowledge, Attitude and Prevalence of Early Marriage Among Adolescents In Sasa, Akinyele Local Government Area Nigeria. Human Anatomy; 2013. p.118.
  39. Nasrullah M, Zakar R, Zakar MZ, Abbas S, Safdar R, Shaukat M, et al. Knowledge and attitude towards child marriage practice among women married as children-a qualitative study in urban slums of Lahore, Pakistan. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1148. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  40. Burcu E, Yıldırım F, Sırma ÇS, Sanıyaman S. [Fate of the flowers: A qualitative research on early marriage of Turkish women]. Bilig/Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2015;(73):63-98.
  41. Aktepe E, Atay İM. [Child marriages and psychosocial outcomes]. Current Approaches in Psychiatry. 2017;9(4):410-20. [Crossref] 
  42. Kidman R. Child marriage and intimate partner violence: a comparative study of 34 countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2016;46(2):662-75. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  43. Aydın D, Akay B. [Assessment of the opinions of prospective nurses on early marriage and child brides]. Clin Exp Health Sci. 2017;7(2):39-44. [Crossref] 
  44. Raj A, Salazar M, Jackson EC, Wyss N, McClendon KA, Khanna A, et al. Students and brides: a qualitative analysis of the relationship between girls' education and early marriage in Ethiopia and India. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):19. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  45. Paul P. Maternal age at marriage and adverse pregnancy outcomes: findings from the India human development survey, 2011-2012. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2018;31(6):620-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  46. Efevbera Y, Bhabha J, Farmer P, Fink G. Girl child marriage, socioeconomic status, and undernutrition: evidence from 35 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):55. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  47. Mehrass AAKO, Ahmed IA, Ali AD, Al-Adhroey AH. Early marriage and less education as independent predictors for high fertility in Yemen. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2017;7:251-5.
  48. Cherri Z, Gil Cuesta J, Rodriguez-Llanes J, Guha-Sapir D. Early marriage and barriers to contraception among Syrian refugee women in Lebanon: a qualitative study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(8):836. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  49. Svanemyr J, Chandra-Mouli V, Christiansen CS, Mbizvo M. Preventing child marriages: first international day of the girl child "my life, my right, end child marriage". Reprod Health. 2012;9:31. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  50. Birech J. Child marriage: a cultural health phenomenon. Int J Humani Soc Sci. 2013;3(17):97-103.

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com