Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medical Sciences

Kan Bankacılığı ve Transfüzyon Tıbbı Özel Sayısı
Eritrosit Süspansiyonları ve Transfüzyon Endikasyonları
ERYTHROCYTE SUSPENSIONS AND TRANSFUSION INDICATIONS
Mehmet Ali ERKURTa, Onur ÖZHANb
aHematoloji Bölümü, Meram Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, KONYA bİç Hastalıkları AD, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, MALATYA
Turkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci. 2007;3(36):50-3
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Kan her biri ayrı fonksiyonları olan spesifik yapılardan oluşmuş bir canlı dokudur. Kan transfüzyonu ise bir doku hatta organ transplantasyonudur. Gereksiz yere kan transfüzyonu kesinlikle yapılmamalı, hastada eksik olan komponent yerine konulmalıdır. Tıbbi hastalıklarda görülen transfüzyon ihtiyacı ani kanamaya yol açan birkaç durum dışında sıklıkla kronik anemi şeklindedir. Bu hastalara hastalıklarının seyri süresince tekrarlayan transfüzyonların yapılması gerekli olabilir ve buna bağlı sorunlar ortaya çıkabilir. Bu nedenle transfüzyon endikasyonu konulurken yarar-zarar analizinin mutlaka doğru yapılması gereklidir. Dikkat edilmesi gereken diğer bir durumda tıbbi hastalıklara bağlı gelişen kronik anemilerin normovolemik olmaları ile ilişkilidir. Bu hastalara gereksinim halinde önerilmesi gereken kan ürünü eritrosit süspansiyonudur. Modern anlamda transfüzyon tıbbı tam kan yerine kanın sadece hastaya gerekli komponentlerinin belirlenip uygulanması prensibi üzerinden hareket eder. Tam kan transfüzyonlarının kronik anemili hastalarda hipervolemiye yol açma riski mutlaka akılda tutulmalıdır ve mümkün olduğunca tam kan transfüzyonlarından kaçınılmalıdır. Anemik hastaya yaklaşımda temel amaç oksijenini dokuya yeterli düzeyde ulaşmasını sağlayacak hemoglobin düzeylerinin sağlanması ve sürdürülmesidir. Bu kritik düzey hastadan hastaya değişim gösterebilir hastanın yaşı, eşlik eden diğer hastalıklar belirleyici faktörler arasındadır. Transfüzyon endikasyonundaki en önemli faktör hastada anemiye bağlı kardiyopulmoner kompanzasyon mekanizmalarının yetersiz kalması ve hastanın semptomatik hale gelmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Eritrosit transfüzyonları; süspansiyon
ABSTRACT
Blood is a living tissue consisting of specific components each having different functions. Blood transfusion which is in fact a transplantation process may be even considered as organ transplantation. Unnecessary blood transfusions must be hindered; only the lacking component must be transfused. In medicine science, most of the transfusion needs are due to diseases causing chronic anemia except some few sudden bleeding causes. In the follow-up of these diseases, repetitive transfusions may be necessary which may cause patients face with other problems. Therefore benefit-cost analysis must be correctly done when transfusion indication is the subject. Another point which must be taken under consideration and kept in mind is that the chronic anemias due to these illnesses are mostly the normovolemic ones. In these patients erythrocyte suspensions are the blood products which must be offered when necessary. Modern transfusion medicine concept moves according to the principle which states that patients should be transfused with appropriate blood products instead of whole blood. It must be kept in mind that whole blood transfusions may lead up to hypervolemia in patients having chronic anemia, thus whole blood transfusions must be avoided in such patients. The main aim in approaching to anaemic patient is to obtain the hemoglobin levels which can provide the essential oxygen needs of the tissues and protect it. This critical level may change from patient to patient, depending on the age and comorbidity diseases. The most important factor when deciding for transfusion is to evaluate if the cardiopulmonary compansation mechanisms of the patient is insufficient or not and underline if having symptoms or not as well.

Keywords: Erythrocyte transfusion; suspensions

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30.03.2014

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