Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

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Erişkin Hastaların Ameliyat Öncesi Algıladıkları Sosyal Destek ile Cerrahi Kaygı Arasındaki İlişki: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma
The Relationship Between Adult Patients' Preoperative Perceived Social Support and Surgical Anxiety: A Descriptive Study
Dilek ÖZTÜRKa , Kadriye ALDEMİR ATMACAb
aMarmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Cerrahi Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, İstanbul, Türkiye
bSivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Suşehri Sağlık Yüksekokulu, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Hemşirelik ABD, Sivas, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(1):26-34
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-99645
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırma, erişkin hastaların ameliyat öncesi algıladıkları sosyal destek ile cerrahi kaygı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanmış tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel türde bir çalışmadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, 26 Eylül 2022-26 Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinin genel cerrahi, üroloji, ortopedi, beyin cerrahisi ve göz kliniğinde yatan ve bir gün sonra ameliyat olması planlanan 265 hasta ile yapıldı. Veriler hasta tanılama formu, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve Ameliyata Özgü Kaygı Ölçeği ile toplandı. Verilerin analizinde yüzdelik dağılım, Pearson korelasyon testi, bağımsız gruplar t-testi ve varyans analizi testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya alınan hastaların Ameliyata Özgü Kaygı Ölçeği'nden 28,40±7,1, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği genelinden 63,51±13,59, aile alt boyutundan 20,18±4,3, arkadaş alt boyutundan 29,78±4,65, özel insan alt boyutundan 19,78±6,12 puan aldıkları saptandı. Kadınların ve refakatçisi olmayan hastaların kaygı düzeylerinin anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu, 60 yaş üstü, okuryazar, göz cerrahisi planlanan ve refakatçisi olmayan hastaların sosyal destek puanlarının ise anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu saptandı. Ameliyata Özgü Kaygı Ölçeği ile algılanan Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği genel puanı ve alt boyutları arasında negatif yönde zayıf bir ilişki olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,05). Sonuç: Hastaların kaygı düzeylerinin orta düzeyde, algıladıkları sosyal desteğin güçlü olduğu ve sosyal destek düzeyi arttıkça kaygı düzeylerinin azaldığı bulundu. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, hemşirelerin cerrahi öncesi kaygı azaltıcı müdahale programlarına sosyal desteği entegre etmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ameliyat öncesi dönem; kaygı; sosyal destek; hemşirelik
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study is a descriptive and correlational study planned to determine the relationship between preoperative social support perceived by adult patients and surgical anxiety. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with 265 patients who were hospitalized in the general surgery, urology, orthopedics, neurosurgery and ophthalmology clinics of a university hospital between September 26, 2022 and December 26, 2022 and were scheduled to undergo surgery one day later. Data were collected using patient identification form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Surgery-Specific Anxiety Scale. Percentage distribution, Pearson correlation test, independent samples t test and analysis of variance tests were used to analyze the data. Results: It was found that patients scored 28.40±7.1 on the Surgery-Specific Anxiety Scale, 63.51±13.59 on the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, 20.18±4.3 on the family subscale, 29.78±4.65 on the friend subscale, and 19.78±6.12 on the special person subscale. It was found that anxiety levels of women and unaccompanied patients were significantly higher, while social support scores of patients over 60 years of age, literate, scheduled for eye surgery and unaccompanied patients' were significantly lower. There was a weak negative correlation between the Surgery-Specific Anxiety Scale and the overall score and sub-dimensions of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was found that patients' anxiety levels were moderate, perceived social support was strong and anxiety levels decreased as the level of social support increased. As a result of this study, it is recommended that nurses integrate social support into preoperative anxiety-reducing intervention programmes.

Keywords: Preoperative period; anxiety; social support; nursing
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