Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Surgical Medical Sciences

Epilepsi Cerrahisi Özel Sayısı
Epilepsi Cerrahisinde Nöroradyolojik Görüntüleme Yöntemleri
METHODS OF NEURORADIOLOGIC IMAGING IN EPILEPSY SURGERY
Mehmet YÖRÜBULUTa
aPrimer Tıbbi Görüntüleme Merkezi, ANKARA
Turkiye Klinikleri J Surg Med Sci. 2007;3(16):22-9
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Epilepsik hastaların değerlendirilmesinde ve tedavi protokolünün oluşturulmasında radyolojik görüntüleme metotları başlıca teşhis araçları arasında yer almaktadır. Özellikle manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) teşhise yardımcı olmanın yanı sıra hastalığın prognozunun değerlendirilmesinde ve spesifik tedavinin seçilmesinde kullanılan bir radyolojik metottur. Epilepsi yaş gruplarına göre değişmekle birlikte toplumda sık olarak karşımıza çıkan bir hastalık grubu olup prevalansı popülasyonda %0.4-1 arasındadır. Epilepsinin doğru sınıflandırılması, mesela nöbetin fokal veya jeneralize oluşu tedavi protokolü açısından önemlidir. Jeneralize nöbet geçiren hastaların çoğunluğu antiepileptik-medikal tedaviye cevap verirken, parsiyel nöbetlerin yaklaşık %30'u maksimal medikal tedaviye direnç gösterir. Medikal tedaviye cevap vermeyen hastalarda, tespit edilen epilepsi odağının cerrahi rezeksiyonu tedavide kür sağlayabilir. İlk defa nöbet geçiren hastalarda yapılan bir çalışmada, MRG incelemesi sonucunda hastaların %14'ünde epileptojenik odak tespit edilmiştir. Epileptik hastalarda rutin kranial MRG incelemesi üzerine eklenecek bir takım sekanslar ve bu sekanslarda dikkat edilecek parametler ile epileptojenik odağın tespiti doğru olarak yapılabilir. Protokole uygun yapılacak intraktabl epilepsi hastalarında MRG'nin doğruluk oranları %88 olarak bulunmuştur. Epilepsi cerrahisi sonrası kür sağlanamayan olgularda yapılacak görüntülemede yine MRG ilk tercih edilecek radyolojik yöntemdir. Yapılacak MRG ile operasyon lojunda rezidüel epileptojenik odak veya daha önceden tespit edilemeyen ikincil odak tespiti ya da operasyona sekonder gelişebilecek komplikasyonların tespiti mümkün olur. Epilepsi cerrahisi öncesi beyindeki fonksiyon alanlarının doğru olarak saptanması tedavinin başarılı olmasında önemli faktörlerden biridir. Fonksiyonel MRG, beyindeki motor korteks gibi fonksiyon alanlarını ekzojen kontrast madde ve kateterizasyon gerektirmeden gösterebilen invaziv olmayan bir görüntüleme metodu olup epilepsi hastalarında son yıllarda Wada testi ve direkt elektrik stimülasyon testine alternatif olarak kullanılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Epilepsy, partial; serebral korteks
ABSTRACT
The radiologic imaging methods take part in among principal diagnostic tools for assessment of the epileptic patients and formation of the therapeutic protocol. Especially magnetic resonance imaging is a radiologic method which is frequently used for assessment of the prognosis of disease and a being chosen of the specific therapy. Epilepsy is a group of disease which alters according to age groups and frequently appears in society; its prevalence is between 0.4% and 1 at population. Exact classification of epilepsy, for instance type of seizure is focal or generalized is important to determine the therapy protocol. While majority of generalized seizure patients respond antiepileptic medical therapy, approximately 30% of partial seizures resist to maximal medical therapy. For the patients who resist to medical therapy, surgical resection of epileptic focus may supply cure. 14% of the patients who have epileptic seizure for the first time discovered epileptic focus at MRI examination. With correct parameters and some additional sequences to the routine MRI examination, diagnosis of the epileptic focus will be done correctly. Right diagnosis percentage of the magnetic resonance imaging, which is made intractable epilepsy patients, is found 88% (10). Magnetic resonance imaging is also first radiologic method for postoperative non-cure epileptic patients. Residual epileptogenous focus or non-discovered secondary focus or postoperative complications can be diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging. Before epileptic surgery one of the important factors of successful therapy is to detect of functional areas of the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is used in epileptic patients as an alternative to direct electric stimulation and Wada tests to detect functional areas like motor cortex without catheterization or exogenous contrast media.

Keywords: Epilepsies, partial; cerebral cortex

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