Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Eğitmen ve Aile Destekli Uyarlanmış Fiziksel Aktivitelerin Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Gençlerin Fiziksel Uygunluk Düzeylerine Etkileri: Deneysel Çalışma
The Effects of Trainer-and Family-Supported Adjusted Physical Activities on the Physical Fitness Levels of Youngsters with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Experimental Study
Ebubekir AKSAYa
aTurnverein 1846 Eberbach, Baden-Württemberg, Almanya
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2021;13(3):416-24
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2021-83608
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, eğitmen ve aile destekli fiziksel aktivitelerin otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) tanısı almış gençlerin fiziksel uygunluk belirlemesinde eğitmen ve aile etkileri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Almanya Eberbach/Heidelberg kentlerinde 10-13 yaş arası hafif düzeyde OSB tanısı konulmuş (Mental Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı-5) toplam 39 genç erkek katılmıştır ve 2 grup oluşturulmuştur: Eğitmen grubu (n=21): yaş ortalaması 11,38±1,02 yıl; aile grubu (n=18): yaş ortalaması 10,83±0,85 yıl. Deney grubu (sadece eğitmenler ile) ve aile grubu (eğitmen ve aileler beraber) 36 hafta süreyle, haftada 1 gün 45 dk'lık fiziksel aktivite programına katılmışlardır. Fiziksel uygunluğun belirlenmesinde Brockport Fiziksel Uygunluk Testi [Brockport Physical Fitness Test (BPFT)] kullanılmış ve vücut kompozisyonu, aerobik dayanıklılık, kas kuvveti ve esneklik değerleri öntest/son-test karşılaştırmasıyla belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Uygulanan 36 haftalık düzenli fiziksel aktivite programı ile aerobik dayanıklılık, kuvvet ve esneklik gibi fiziksel uygunluk bileşenleri arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Eğitmen grubu, aile grubuna oranla testlerin tamamında daha yüksek performans sergilerken, son-testlerde gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların beden kitle indeksi değerlerinden aşırı kilo/obezite sınırında oldukları görülmektedir. Sonuç: Sonuçlar, fiziksel aktivite ve fiziksel uygunluk değerlendirmeleri için önemli ip uçları vererek, fiziksel aktivitenin uzman eğitmenler tarafından ailelerin katılmadığı ya da sınırlı olarak katıldıkları programlarda günlük yaşama entegre edilmesinin OSB tanısı alan gençlerin fiziksel uygunluklarını geliştirmede daha etkili olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu; aile-destekli; Brockport Fiziksel Uygunluk Testi; fiziksel aktivite
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The present study was carried out in order to assess the relationship between trainer and family effects in determining the effects of trainer-and family-supported physical activities on the physical fitness level of youngsters diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Material and Methods: In the present study in Germany Eberbach/Heidelberg, 39 young boys aged between 10 and 13 years and diagnosed with mild-level ASD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5) were involved and 2 groups were established: Trainer group (n=21): mean age of 11.38±1.02 years, Family group (n=18): mean age of 10.83±0.85 years. Experiment group (only with trainer) and family group (with trainer and families) participated in a 36-week physical activity program (45 minutes in a day every week). Physical fitness was assessed using Brockport Physical Fitness Test (BPFT) and pretest-posttest comparisons were made in body comparison, aerobic endurance, muscular force, and flexibility values. Results: It was determined that there was a significant relationship between 36-week regular physical activity program and physical fitness components such as aerobic endurance, force, and flexibility. When compared to the family group, trainer group showed higher performance in all the tests and there was a statistically significant difference in posttest scores. In addition, the participants' body mass index values are observed to be at the limit of overweight/obesity. Conclusion: The results provided important tips for physical activity and physical fitness assessments and it is thought that involving the physical activities in programs, which are provided by the trainers and not incorporating the families or involving limited incorporation, would be more effective in improving the physical fitness while integrating the youngsters diagnosed with ASD into daily life.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; family-supported; Brockport Physical Fitness Test; physical activity
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