Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Ege Bölgesi Alt Popülasyonunda Mandibular Molar Dişlerde Midmesiyal Sıklığı ve Anatomik Yapısının Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile İncelenmesi
The Investigation of Mid-mesial Frequency and Anatomical Structure of the Mandibular Molar Teeth in the Sub-population of the Aegean by Cone Beam Computerized Tomography
Yağmur SATIa, Emrah KARATAŞLIOĞLUa
aİzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Endodonti ABD, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2021;27(2):250-5
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2020-73628
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Ege Bölgesi alt popülasyonundan çekilmiş 1. ve/veya 2. mandibular molarların mesiyal köklerinde, midmesiyal kanal (MMK) sıklığının ve anatomik yapısının, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) ile in vitro olarak araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalına başvuran hastalardan çekilmiş 234 mandibular 1. ve/veya 2. molar diş seçildi. Örneklerin tamamı KIBT (New Tom 5G, QR Srl, Verona, İtalya) ile tarandı. Elde edilen görüntülerde, NNT yazılımı kullanılarak MMK görülme sıklığı, anatomisi, kanal ağzının pulpa tabanındaki lokasyonu (yakın olduğu ana kanal girişi) ve MMK'nin birleştiği ana kök kanalı için değerlendirmeler yapıldı. Bulgular: 234 dişten 29 (%12,39)'unda MMK saptandı. MMK bulunduran 29 dişten, 2 (%6,8)'sinde 'independent', 25 (%86,2)'sinde 'confluent', 2 (%6,8)'sinde ise 'fin' anatomi tipi gözlendi. MMK girişi ve MMK'nin birleştiği kanal açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak bir fark yoktu (p=0,861). Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonucunda Ege Bölgesi alt popülasyonunda MMK sıklığı %12,39 olarak bulundu. Confluent anatomi en sık karşılaşılan anatomik varyasyon iken, 'indipendent' ve 'fin' anatomi sınırlı sayıda örnekte bulundu.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Anatomik varyasyon; KIBT; mandibular molar; orta mesial kanal
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The purpose of the study; to investigation of the frequency and anatomical structure of middle mesial canal (MMC) in the first/second mandibular molars extracted from the sub-population of the Aegean by conical beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: 234 mandibular 1st and / or 2nd molar teeth were selected from patients admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University. All of the samples were scanned by cone beam computed tomography (New Tom 5G, QR Srl, Verona, Italy). The images obtained were analyzed using NNT software. Evaluations were made for the frequency and anatomy of MMC, location of the canal orifice in the pulp floor (main canal orifice where the MMC orifice is close) and the main canal where the MMC is join. Results: MMC was detected in 29 of 234 teeth (12.39%). Out of 29 teeth with MMC, 2 (6.8%) teeth were independent, 25 (86.2%) teeth were confluent, and 2 (6.8%) teeth were fin anatomy type. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of MMK orifice and the canal where MMK joined (p=0,861). Conclusion: As a result of this study, the frequency of MMK in the sub-population of the Aegean was 12.39%. While confluent anatomy is the most common anatomical variation, indipendent and fin anatomy are less common.

Keywords: Anatomic variation; CBCT; mandibular molar; middle mesial canal
REFERENCES:
  1. Vertucci FJ. Root canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic procedures. Endod Top. 2005;10(1):3-29. [Crossref] 
  2. Ingle JI, Beveridge EE, Glick DH, Weichman JA. Endodontic success & failure: the Washington study. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK, eds. Endodontics. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1994. p.21-45.
  3. Cheung GS. Endodontic failures--changing the approach. Int Dent J. 1996;46(3):131-8. [PubMed] 
  4. Nair PN, Henry S, Cano V, Vera J. Microbial status of apical root canal system of human mandibular first molars with primary apical periodontitis after "one-visit" endodontic treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;99(2):231-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. De Moor RJ, Hommez GM, De Boever JG, Delmé KI, Martens GE. Periapical health related to the quality of root canal treatment in a Belgian population. Int Endod J. 2000;33(2):113-20. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Lupi-Pegurier L, Bertrand MF, Muller-Bolla M, Rocca JP, Bolla M. Periapical status, prevalence and quality of endodontic treatment in an adult French population. Int Endod J. 2002;35(8):690-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Kabak Y, Abbott PV. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and the quality of endodontic treatment in an adult Belarusian population. Int Endod J. 2005;38(4):238-45. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Cantatore G, Berutti E, Castellucci A. Missed anatomy: frequency and clinical impact. Endod Top. 2006;15(1):3-31. [Crossref] 
  9. Izaz S, Mandava P, Bolla N, Dasari B. Atypical anatomy of maxillary second premolar with three roots and four canals. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD. 2017;20(5):370. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Shekhar S, Mittal S. Permanent Restoration in Endodontically Treated Teeth: Clinical Dilemma, Future Trends and Review of Literature. Int J Dent Med Spec. 2015;2(3):29-36. [Crossref] 
  11. Allen RK, Newton CW, Brown CE Jr. A statistical analysis of surgical and nonsurgical endodontic retreatment cases. J Endod. 1989;15(6):261-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Wayman BE, Patten JA, Dazey SE. Relative frequency of teeth needing endodontic treatment in 3350 consecutive endodontic patients. J Endod. 1994;20(8):399-401. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Peiris R, Malwatte U, Abayakoon J, Wettasinghe A. Variations in the Root Form and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular First Molars in a Sri Lankan Population. Anat Res Int. 2015;2015:803671. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  14. Barker BC, Parsons KC, Mills PR, Williams GL. Anatomy of root canals. III. Permanent mandibular molars. Aust Dent J. 1974;19(6):408-13. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Vertucci FJ, Williams RG. Root canal anatomy of the mandibular first molar. J N J Dent Assoc. 1974;45(3):27-8 passim. [PubMed] 
  16. Nosrat A, Deschenes RJ, Tordik PA, Hicks ML, Fouad AF. Middle mesial canals in mandibular molars: incidence and related factors. J Endod. 2015;41(1):28-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Tahmasbi M, Jalali P, Nair MK, Barghan S, Nair UP. Prevalence of Middle Mesial Canals and Isthmi in the Mesial Root of Mandibular Molars: An In Vivo Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study. J Endod. 2017;43(7):1080-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Azim AA, Deutsch AS, Solomon CS. Prevalence of middle mesial canals in mandibular molars after guided troughing under high magnification: an in vivo investigation. J Endod. 2015;41(2):164-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Pomeranz HH, Eidelman DL, Goldberg MG. Treatment considerations of the middle mesial canal of mandibular first and second molars. J Endod. 1981;7(12):565-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Zhang R, Wang H, Tian YY, Yu X, Hu T, Dummer PM, et al. Use of cone-beam computed tomography to evaluate root and canal morphology of mandibular molars in Chinese individuals. Int Endod J. 2011;44(11):990-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Silva EJ, Nejaim Y, Silva AV, Haiter-Neto F, Cohenca N. Evaluation of root canal configuration of mandibular molars in a Brazilian population by using cone-beam computed tomography: an in vivo study. J Endod. 2013;39(7):849-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Paul B, Dube K. Identification and Endodontic Management of Middle Mesial Canal in Mandibular Second Molar Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Case Rep Dent. 2015;2015:867976. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Hu X, Huang Z, Huang Z, Lei L, Cui M, Zhang X, et al. Presence of isthmi in mandibular mesial roots and associated factors: an in vivo analysis. Surg Radiol Anat. 2019;41(7):815-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. Versiani MA, Ordinola-Zapata R, Keleş A, Alcin H, Bramante CM, Pécora JD, et al. Middle mesial canals in mandibular first molars: A micro-CT study in different populations. Arch Oral Biol. 2016;61:130-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Iqbal A. The Factors Responsible for Endodontic Treatment Failure in the Permanent Dentitions of the Patients Reported to the College of Dentistry, the University of Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(5):ZC146-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  26. Mehta CR, Patel NR. Algorithm 643: Fexact: A Fortran Subroutine for Fisher's Exact Test on Unordered R×c Contingency Tables. ACM Trans Math Softw. 1986. [Crossref] 
  27. Akbarzadeh N, Aminoshariae A, Khalighinejad N, Palomo JM, Syed A, Kulild JC, et al. The Association between the Anatomic Landmarks of the Pulp Chamber Floor and the Prevalence of Middle Mesial Canals in Mandibular First Molars: An In Vivo Analysis. J Endod. 2017;43(11):1797-1801. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Keleş A, Keskin C. Detectability of Middle Mesial Root Canal Orifices by Troughing Technique in Mandibular Molars: A Micro-computed Tomographic Study. J Endod. 2017;43(8):1329-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Navarro LF, Luzi A, García AA, García AH. Third canal in the mesial root of permanent mandibular first molars: review of the literature and presentation of 3 clinical reports and 2 in vitro studies. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007;12(8):E605-9. [PubMed] 
  30. de Toubes KM, Côrtes MI, Valadares MA, Fonseca LC, Nunes E, Silveira FF, et al. Comparative analysis of accessory mesial canal identification in mandibular first molars by using four different diagnostic methods. J Endod. 2012;38(4):436-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. de Pablo OV, Estevez R, Péix Sánchez M, Heilborn C, Cohenca N. Root anatomy and canal configuration of the permanent mandibular first molar: a systematic review. J Endod. 2010;36(12):1919-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Karapinar-Kazandag M, Basrani BR, Friedman S. The operating microscope enhances detection and negotiation of accessory mesial canals in mandibular molars. J Endod. 2010;36(8):1289-94. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Fabra-Campos H. Three canals in the mesial root of mandibular first permanent molars: a clinical study. Int Endod J. 1989;22(1):39-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com