Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effects of School-Based Nutrition Education Intervention in Preschool Children and Their Teachers: An Experimental Study
Okulda Verilen Temel Beslenme Eğitiminin Okul Öncesi Çocuklar ve Öğretmenleri Üzerindeki Etkileri: Bir Deneysel Çalışma
Aylin BAYINDIR GÜMÜŞa , Alev KESERb
aDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Health Sciences, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
bDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(2):217-26
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2022-94685
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of healthy nutrition education on eating habits and anthropometric measurements of preschool children and the nutritional knowledge levels of their teachers. Material and Methods: Sixty preschool children educated in a kindergarten in Ankara and 6 teachers were included in this follow-up and single-center study. Researchers applied separate questionnaires including ''Food Preference Image'' for children and 'Nutrition Knowledge Level Scale for Adults' for their teachers. Comprehensive healthy nutrition education that had different contents was given to children and teachers. Measurements of pre-education, follow-up 1 (immediate post-intervention), and follow-up 2 (one-month post-intervention) were compared with the Paired Samples t-test, Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, and McNemar test. Results: The percentile of body weight and height by age of children increased (Z: -3.297; -2.524 respectively, p<0.05) in follow-up 2 compared to pre-education. Eating behaviors, food consumption, and food preferences of children improved (p<0.05). Mean scores of Nutrition Knowledge Level Scale for Adults of teachers were higher at follow-up 1 and follow-up 2 than pre-education (F=64.809; degree of freedom=2; p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the healthy nutrition education presented in this study was short-term, preschool children started to eat healthier, and the nutrition attitudes of teachers improved. Comprehensive studies with longer follow-up intervals should be conducted with large samples and more centers to ensure that these effects are due to nutrition education and to measure the effectiveness of the intervention.

Keywords: Preschool; school teachers; nutritional status
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmada, sağlıklı beslenme eğitiminin okul öncesi çocukların beslenme alışkanlıkları ve antropometrik ölçümleri ile öğretmenlerinin beslenme bilgi düzeyleri üzerine etkilerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu takipli ve tek merkezli çalışmaya, Ankara'daki bir gündüz bakım evinde eğitim gören 60 okul öncesi çocuk ve altı öğretmen dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmacılar, çocuklar için ''Besin Tercih Görseli'' ve öğretmenler için ''Yetişkinler için Beslenme Bilgi Düzeyi Ölçeği''ni içeren ayrı anketler uygulamışlardır. Çocuklara ve öğretmenlere farklı içeriklere sahip kapsamlı sağlıklı beslenme eğitimi verilmiştir. Eğitim öncesi, müdahaleden hemen sonra (takip 1) ve müdahaleden 1 ay sonraki (takip 2) ölçümler, Paired Samples t-test, Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test ve McNemar testleri ile kıyaslanmıştır. Bulgular: Eğitim öncesine kıyasla takip 2'de çocukların yaşa göre vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu persentilleri artmıştır (sırasıyla Z: -3,297; -2,524; p<0,05). Çocukların yeme davranışları, besin tüketimleri ve besin tercihleri gelişme göstermiştir (p<0,05). Öğretmenlerin takip 1 ve takip 2'deki ortalama Yetişkinler için Beslenme Bilgi Düzeyi Ölçeği puanları, eğitim öncesine kıyasla daha yüksektir (F=64,809; serbestlik derecesi=2; p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışmada verilen sağlıklı beslenme eğitimi kısa süreli olmasına rağmen okul öncesi çocuklar daha sağlıklı beslenmeye başlamış ve öğretmenlerin beslenmeye ilişkin tutumları gelişmiştir. Bu etkilerin beslenme eğitiminden kaynaklandığından emin olmak ve müdahalenin etkinliğini ölçmek için geniş örneklem ve daha fazla merkez ile izlem aralığı uzun kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Okul öncesi; okul öğretmenleri; beslenme durumu
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