Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effect of Eight Different Disinfection Methods on the Surface Roughness and Flexural Strength Properties of Acrylic Resins: In Vitro Study
Sekiz Farklı Dezenfeksiyon Yönteminin Akrilik Reçinelerin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü ve Eğilme Mukavemetine Etkisi: İn Vitro Çalışma
Ali Can BULUTa, Almira Ada DİKEN TÜRKSAYARb
aDepartment of Prosthodontics, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
bDepartment of Prosthodontics, Biruni University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2023;29(1):139-46
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2022-92010
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
Objective: The method used to clean and disinfect dentures can affect the surface properties and flexural strength of dentures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of eight different disinfection methods on the surface roughness and flexural strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resins. Material and Methods: A total of 108 acrylic resin blocks were divided into nine groups (n=12) according to disinfection procedure: Group 1: distilled water (control group), Group 2: 100% white vinegar, Group 3: 50% white vinegar, Group 4: 2% glutaraldehyde, Group 5: 3% hydrogen peroxide, Group 6: 5% sodium hypochlorite, Group 7: 2% sodium hypochlorite, Group 8: microwave, and Group 9: ultraviolet (UV) light. The effects of the disinfection methods on acrylic resins were examined by analyzing the surface roughness measurement of acrylic resins using a profilometer and the flexural strength values. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests were used to control the normal distribution of the data and the homogeneity of the variances, respectively. The surface roughness and flexural strength values were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: There was an increase in surface roughness values in all the groups except the control and UV groups (p>0.05). Decreased flexural strength was found in all the groups except the control, 50% white vinegar solution, and UV groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Only UV sanitizer caused the least negative effect among other disinfection methods in terms of surface roughness and flexural strength.

Keywords: Disinfection; anti-bacterial agents; flexural strength; denture bases
ÖZET
Amaç: Dental protezleri temizlemek ve dezenfekte etmek için kullanılan yöntem, protezlerin yüzey özelliklerini ve eğilme mukavemetini etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ısı ile polimerize edilmiş akrilik reçinelerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve eğilme mukavemeti üzerine 8 farklı dezenfeksiyon yönteminin etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Toplam 108 akrilik reçine blok dezenfeksiyon prosedürüne göre 9 gruba (n=12) ayrıldı: Grup 1: distile su (kontrol grubu), Grup 2: %100 beyaz sirke, Grup 3: %50 beyaz sirke, Grup 4: %2 glutaraldehit, Grup 5: %3 hidrojen peroksit, Grup 6: %5 sodyum hipoklorit, Grup 7: %2 sodyum hipoklorit, Grup 8: mikrodalga ve Grup 9: ultraviyole (UV) ışık. Akrilik reçinelerin profilometre ile yüzey pürüzlülük ölçümü ve eğilme mukavemeti değerleri analiz edilerek dezenfeksiyon yöntemlerinin akrilik reçineler üzerindeki etkileri incelendi. Verilerin normal dağılımını ve varyansların homojenliğini kontrol etmek için sırasıyla Kolmogorov-Smirnov ve Levene testleri kullanıldı. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve eğilme mukavemeti değerleri, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve post-hoc Tukey testi kullanılarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Kontrol ve UV grupları hariç tüm gruplarda yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinde artış görüldü (p>0,05). Kontrol, %50 beyaz sirke solüsyonu ve UV grupları hariç tüm gruplarda eğilme mukavemetinde anlamlı ölçüde azalma olduğu bulundu (p>0,05). Sonuç: Sadece UV ışınları, yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve eğilme mukavemeti bakımından diğer dezenfeksiyon yöntemleri arasında en az negatif etkiye neden olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Dezenfeksiyon; antibakteriyel ajanlar; eğilme dayanımı; protez kaideleri
REFERENCES:
  1. Douglass CW, Shih A, Ostry L. Will there be a need for complete dentures in the United States in 2020? J Prosthet Dent. 2002;87(1):5-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Cooper LF. The current and future treatment of edentulism. J Prosthodont. 2009;18(2):116-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. TÜİK. İstatistiklerle yaşlılar dönemi. (Internet); (15.12.2015) Accessed: 04.01.2023 Available from: [Link] 
  4. Başara BB, Çağlar IS, Aygün A, Özdemir TS, Kulali B, Yentür GK, et al. Ağız ve diş sağlığı hizmet göstergeleri. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. 1. Basım. Ankara. 2020 p.130-5. [Crossref] 
  5. Pereira CJ, Genari B, Leitune VCB, Collares FM, Samuel SMW. Effect of immersion in various disinfectant solutions on the properties of a heat-cured acrylic resin. RGO-Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia. 2019;67:1-5. [Crossref] 
  6. Yildirim-Bicer AZ, Peker I, Akca G, Celik I. In vitro antifungal evaluation of seven different disinfectants on acrylic resins. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:519098. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  7. Devine DA, Keech AP, Wood DJ, Killington RA, Boyes H, Doubleday B, Marsh PD. Ultraviolet disinfection with a novel microwave-powered device. J Appl Microbiol. 2001;91(5):786-94. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Işeri U, Uludamar A, Ozkan YK. Effectiveness of different cleaning agents on the adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic denture base resin. Gerodontology. 2011;28(4):271-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Müller F. Oral hygiene reduces the mortality from aspiration pneumonia in frail elders. J Dent Res. 2015;94(3 Suppl):14S-16S. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Rocha MM, Carvalho AM, Coimbra FCT, Arruda CNF, Oliveira VC, Macedo AP, et al. Complete denture hygiene solutions: antibiofilm activity and effects on physical and mechanical properties of acrylic resin. J Appl Oral Sci. 2021;29:e20200948. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Araújo ASM, Flores PRF, Feitosa VP, Valadas LAR, Paula DM, Fiallos NM, et al. Micro-raman spectroscopy, colour stability, roughness and mass variation of removable partial dentures after cleansing with white wine vinegar. Journal of Young Pharmacists. 2018;10(4):399-403. [Crossref] 
  12. Orsi IA, Andrade VG. Effect of chemical disinfectants on the transverse strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resins submitted to mechanical and chemical polishing. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;92(4):382-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Dikbas I, Koksal T, Calikkocaoglu S. Investigation of the cleanliness of dentures in a university hospital. Int J Prosthodont. 2006;19(3):294-8. [PubMed] 
  14. Sharma P, Garg S, Kalra NM. Effect of denture cleansers on surface roughness and flexural strength of heat cure denture base resin-an in vitro study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(8):ZC94-ZC97. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  15. Orsi IA, Villabona CA, Kameoka E, Ferreira MC, Ito IY, Saravia ME. Antimicrobial efficacy of chemical disinfectants on contaminated full metal crowns. Braz Dent J. 2010;21(3):241-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Pinto Lde R, Acosta EJ, Távora FF, da Silva PM, Porto VC. Effect of repeated cycles of chemical disinfection on the roughness and hardness of hard reline acrylic resins. Gerodontology. 2010;27(2):147-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Fernandes FH, Orsi IA, Villabona CA. Effects of the peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite on the colour stability and surface roughness of the denture base acrylic resins polymerised by microwave and water bath methods. Gerodontology. 2013;30(1):18-25. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Machado AL, Breeding LC, Vergani CE, da Cruz Perez LE. Hardness and surface roughness of reline and denture base acrylic resins after repeated disinfection procedures. J Prosthet Dent. 2009;102(2):115-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Didinen T, Keskin Y. Mikrodalga dezenfeksiyonunun iki farklı akrilik kaide rezinin yüzey pürüzlülüğüne etkisi [The effect of microwave disinfection on surface roughness of two types of denture base resins]. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2014;41(3):159-66. [Crossref] 
  20. Polyzois GL, Zissis AJ, Yannikakis SA. The effect of glutaraldehyde and microwave disinfection on some properties of acrylic denture resin. Int J Prosthodont. 1995;8(2):150-4. [PubMed] 
  21. Odagiri K, Sawada T, Hori N, Seimiya K, Otsuji T, Hamada N, Kimoto K. Evaluation of denture base resin after disinfection method using reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dent Mater J. 2012;31(3):443-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Asad T, Watkinson AC, Huggett R. The effect of disinfection procedures on flexural properties of denture base acrylic resins. J Prosthet Dent. 1992;68(1):191-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Hao Y, Huang X, Zhou X, Li M, Ren B, Peng X, Cheng L. Influence of dental prosthesis and restorative materials interface on oral biofilms. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(10):3157. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. Cazzaniga G, Ottobelli M, Ionescu A, Garcia-Godoy F, Brambilla E. Surface properties of resin-based composite materials and biofilm formation: a review of the current literature. Am J Dent. 2015;28(6):311-20. [PubMed] 
  25. Barochia J, Kamath S. Evaluation of the effect of denture cleansers on the surface roughness of hard denture base material: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2018;29(5):657-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Fouda SM, Rahoma A, Al-Thobity AM, Khan SQ, et al. Color stability and surface properties of PMMA/ZrO2 nanocomposite denture base material after using denture cleanser. Int J Biomater. 2021;2021:6668577. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  27. Peracini A, Davi LR, de Queiroz Ribeiro N, de Souza RF, Lovato da Silva CH, de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos H. Effect of denture cleansers on physical properties of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. J Prosthodont Res. 2010;54(2):78-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Panariello BH, Izumida FE, Moffa EB, Pavarina AC, Jorge JH, Giampaolo ET. Effects of short-term immersion and brushing with different denture cleansers on the roughness, hardness, and color of two types of acrylic resin. Am J Dent. 2015;28(3):150-6. [PubMed] 
  29. Pavarina AC, Machado AL, Giampaolo ET, Vergani CE. Effects of chemical disinfectants on the transverse strength of denture base acrylic resins. J Oral Rehabil. 2003;30(11):1085-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Cakan U, Kara O, Kara HB. Effects of various denture cleansers on surface roughness of hard permanent reline resins. Dent Mater J. 2015;34(2):246-51. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. International Organization for Standardization. ISO 1567-1999 Dentistry e Denture base Polymers. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization; 1999. [Link] 
  32. Garg A, Shenoy KK. A comparative evaluation of effect on water sorption and solubility of a temporary soft denture liner material when stored either in distilled water, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or artificial saliva: an in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2016;16(1):53-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. Kulak-Ozkan Y, Kazazoglu E, Arikan A. Oral hygiene habits, denture cleanliness, presence of yeasts and stomatitis in elderly people. J Oral Rehabil. 2002;29(3):300-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Heimer S, Schmidlin PR, Stawarczyk B. Discoloration of PMMA, composite, and PEEK. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(4):1191-200. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Sharan S, Kavitha HR, Konde H, Kalahasti D. Effect of chemical disinfectant on the transverse strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resins subjected to mechanical and chemical polishing: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2012;13(3):389-93. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com