Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Ebelikte Yeterlilik, Yetkinlik ve Teknoloji Kullanımı
Competence, Competency and Use of Technology in Midwives
Melek BALÇIK ÇOLAKa, Hafize ÖZTÜRK CANa
aEge Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ebelik Bölümü, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(2):340-9
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-75575
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Yeterlilik, 'gözlemlenebilen becerilere bağlı ortaya çıkan performans düzeyi', yetkinlik ise 'olağanüstü performansın ortaya çıkmasına olanak sağlayan davranış ve işlevsel beceri' olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yetkinlik kavramı; yönetim, insan kaynakları yönetimi, eğitim, politik, psikolojik alanda kullanılmaktadır ve ortak dil oluşmasını, mükemmel performansı değerlendirmeyi sağlar, fakat görev tanımı değildir. Yetkinlik bileşenleri, bilgi, tutum ve beceri geliştirilmesine katkı sağlar. Yetkinlik modeli kavramı ise uygulamada üstün başarı sağlayan özelliklerin sıralandığı yetkinlikler listesi olup, konulara göre düzenlenmiş mükemmel performansı tarifleyen davranış gruplarıdır. Ebelikte yetkinlik tanımı; Dünya Sağlık Örgütüne göre performansın birçok belirleyicilerindendir ve ebelik uygulamalarının bilgi, tutum ve psikomotor unsurlarını yansıtan bir çerçevedir. Uluslararası Ebeler Konfederasyonu [International Confederation of Midwives (ICM)]na göre bilgi, beceri ve tutumların güvenli ve etkili şekildeki uygulanmasıdır. Mezuniyet Öncesi Ebelik Ulusal Çekirdek Eğitim Programı'na göre meslekle ilgili olması gereken beceri ve uygulamalardır. Ebelik uygulamalarının düzeyini gösterir ve mezun olan birey, gerekli yetkinlere sahip olur. Ebelik eğitimi program yeterlilikleri; toplum sağlığı, gebelik, doğum, postpartum, yenidoğan, araştırma, kadın ve danışmanlık olmak üzere 11 temel alanda incelenmiştir. Yedisi ICM'nin belirlediği yetkinlik alanı iken, 4'ü yeterlilik olarak belirlenmiştir. Ebelerin yeterli ve yetkin olması, bakım verdiği bireyler ve mesleğin gelişim için fayda sağlayacaktır. Uygulamada teknoloji kullanımı, yeterlilik ve yetkinlik için önemli bir ölçüt olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ebelik uygulamalarında teknoloji kullanımının birçok nedeni bulunmakla birlikte, teknoloji kullanımı da karmaşıktır. Ebeler, mesleki yetkinliğine etki edecek teknolojik araç ve makinelerin kurulumu, kullanımı, arızaları tespit, çıktıların yorumlanmasına dayalı klinik karar verme becerisine sahip olmalıdır. Doğum eyleminin bulguları doğrultusunda infüzyon hızına karar verebilmeli, ilaçların fizyolojik sürece etkisi konusunda bilgi sahibi olmalı, güven ilişkisiyle kadınla iletişim kurmalıdır. Ayrıca doğum eylemindeki durumları kayıt etme konusunda yasal yükümlülükleri vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ebelikte yetkinlik, yeterlilik ve teknoloji kullanımıyla ilgili farkındalık oluşturulmak ve ebelik mesleğinin ilerlemesine önemli katkılar sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ebelik; yetkinlik; yeterlilik; doğum, obstetrik; doğumda teknoloji
ABSTRACT
 Competence is defined as 'the level of performance resulting from the skills that can be observed' and competency is defined as 'behavior and functional skill that enables the emergence of extraordinary performance'. The concept of competency is used in management, human resource management, education, politics, and psychology, and it provides common language formation, excellent performance evaluation, but it is not a job description. Competency components contribute to the development of knowledge, attitude and skill. The concept of competency model is the list of competencies that list the features that provide superior success in practice and are the groups of behaviors that describe the excellent performance arranged according to the topics. According to World Health Organization, competency definition in midwifery is that it is one of the many determinants of performance and it is a framework that reflects the knowledge, attitude and psychomotor elements of midwifery practices. According to International Confederation of Midwives (ICM), it is the safe and effective application of knowledge, skills and attitudes. According to The National Core Education Program of Midwifery Before Graduation, they are skills and practices that should be related to the profession. It shows the level of midwifery practices and the graduated individual has the necessary competencies. Midwifery education program competence have been examined in 11 main areas which are community health, pregnancy, birth, postpartum, newborn, research, women and counseling. While seven of them are the competency areas determined by ICM, four of them are determined as competence. Competence and competency midwives will benefit the caregivers and the profession for development. Using technology in practice is accepted as an important criterion for competency and competence. Although there are many reasons for using technology in midwifery applications, the use of technology is also complicated. Midwives should have clinical decision-making skills based on the installation, use, detection of malfunctions and interpretation of the outputs of technological tools and machines that will affect their professional competence. They should be able to decide the infusion rate in accordance with the findings of the labor, have knowledge about the effect of drugs on the physiological process, and communicate with the woman in a relationship of trust. In addition, they have legal obligations to record the situations in labor. The purpose of this study is to raise awareness about midwifery competence, competency and using technology and to make important contributions to the advancement of midwifery profession.

Keywords: Midwifery; competency; competence; labor, obstetric; birth technology
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