Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Düzenli Spor Yapan ve Yapmayan Adolesanlarda Uyluk Kasları Kuvvetinin Yaş ve Cinsiyete Bağlı Değişimi
Differences of Muscular Strength of Thigh Muscles in Athlete and Non-Athlete Adolescents Regarding to Gender and Age
İrem DÜZGÜNa, Gül BALTACIa, Atilla ELHANb
aFizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, bBiyoistatistik AD, Ankara Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Ankara
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2010;2(2):55-61
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmada düzenli spor yapan ve yapmayan 13-17 yaşları arasındaki adolesanlarda uyluk kasları kuvveti yaş gruplarına ve cinsiyete göre karşılaştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 13-17 yaşları arasında düzenli spor yapan veya yapmayan 160 kız 160 erkek toplam 320 sağlıklı birey değerlendirildi. Farklı ilköğretim ve lise düzeyi okullar ve farklı spor kulüplerindeki adolesanlardan her yaş grubundan 20şer kız, 20şer erkek birey değerlendirildi. Bireylerin boyu ve vücut ağırlığı ölçüldü ve dinamometre ile diz fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon kas kuvveti değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analizde cinsiyetler arası ve spor yapanlarla yapmayanlar arasındaki karşılaştırma Student t testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Spor yapan kızlar hem diz fleksiyon hem de ekstansiyon kas kuvvetinde tüm yaş gruplarında daha kuvvetli olduğu bulundu (p<0.05). Erkeklerde ise 14 yaş grubu hariç diğer yaş gruplarında ekstansiyon kas kuvvetinde spor yapanlar, fleksiyon kas kuvvetinde 15 yaşta spor yapmayanların daha kuvvetli olduğu bulundu (p<0.05). Cinsiyete bağlı farklılık değerlendirildiğinde 13 yaşında spor yapan kızların hem fleksiyon hem de ekstansiyon kas kuvveti daha fazla bulunurken spor yapmayanlarda ise 14-16 yaşları arasında erkeklerin fleksiyon kas kuvvetinin, 15-17 yaşları arasında ekstansiyon kas kuvvetinin daha fazla olduğu bulundu (p<0.05). Spor yapan kızlarda fleksiyon kas kuvvetinin 15-16 yaşları arasında arttığı görülmüştür. Spor yapan erkeklerde ise hem diz fleksiyon hem de ekstansiyon kuvvetinin 13-14 ve 15-16 yaşları arasında artış gösterdiği görülmüştür. Spor yapmayan erkeklerde diz fleksiyon kuvveti 13-15 yaşları arasında, ekstansiyon kuvvetinin ise 14-16 yaşları arasında artış gösterdiği bulundu. Sonuç: Düzenli spor yapmanın kas kuvvetinin gelişimine katkısı olduğu ve bu gelişimin en fazla spor yapan kızlarda olduğu görüldü. Günlük fiziksel aktivitenin azalması büyük ölçüde kas kuvvetinin azalmasına hazırlayıcı faktördür ve okullarda beden eğitimi programlarının yeniden düzenlenmesi bu etkiyi azaltabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Adolesan; fiziksel uygunluk; kassal kuvvet
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the differences of muscular strength of thigh muscles among 13-17 year-old athlete and non-athlete adolescents regarding to gender and age. Material and Methods: A total of healthy individuals including 160 girls and 160 boys total 320 who were athletes or not within range of 13 and 17 years were evaluated. Twenty girls and 20 boys were evaluated in all age groups from different secondary and high schools and sport clubs. The height and weight of the children were measured, and determined to muscular strength of knee flexion and extension with hand-held dynamometer test. Student t test was used to test the significance of the difference between genders and athletes or not. Results: Adolescent athlete girls produced more strength at all ages than non-athlete both knee flexion and extension muscle strength (p<0.05). Athlete boys produced more strength at all ages except 14 years-old than non-athlete in knee extension muscle strength, non-athlete boys performed more strength at 15 years-old than athlete (p<0.05). Girls produced more strength than boys at 13 years-old both flexion and extension in athletes while boys produced more strength than girls between 14 and 16 years-old in flexion and between 15 and 17 years-old in extension in non-athlete regarding to gender difference (p<0.05). Flexion muscle strength improved between 15 and 16 years-old in athlete girls. Athlete boys strength improved between 13 and 14 years-old, between 15 and 16 years-old both flexion and extension. Non-athlete boys strength improved between 13 and 15 years-old in flexion, between 14 and 16 years-old in extension.  Conclusion: Regularly sport has to contribute to muscular strength development and most development has shown in athletes girls. A decrease in daily physical activity is the most likely contributing factor to the decrease in aerobic fitness and muscular strength and physical education school program reform has been able to compensate for this effect.

Keywords: Adolescence; physical fitness; muscular strength

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