Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Düşük FODMAP Diyetine Güncel Yaklaşımlar
Current Approaches to Low FODMAP Diet
Öykü Peren TÜRK FİDANa,b, Zehra BÜYÜKTUNCERb
aAnkara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
bHacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(1):128-38
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-74727
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 FODMAP fermente edilebilir oligosakkaritler, disakkaritler, monosakkaritler ve poliollerin baş harflerinden oluşan bir terimdir. FODMAP grubunda oligosakkaritlerden fruktan ve galaktanlar, disakkaritlerden laktoz, monosakkaritlerden fruktoz, poliollerden ise sorbitol ve mannitol ele alınmaktadır. FODMAP bileşenleri, ince bağırsakta zayıf emilen, kolona ulaşabilen, kolonda bakteriler tarafından hızlı fermente edilebilen, küçük ve dolayısıyla ozmotik olarak aktif moleküllerdir. Diyetle FODMAP alımı, kolonik gaz oluşturabilmekte, fermantasyon ile birlikte ozmotik yükü arttırabilmekte, bağırsak motilitesini etkileyebilmekte ve immün aktivasyon mekanizmaları ile gastrointestinal semptomların ortaya çıkmasına yol açabilmektedir. Bu karbonhidratların özellikle irritabl bağırsak sendromunun (İBS) ve bazı gastrointestinal hastalıkların semptomlarını arttırabildiği düşünülmektedir. Düşük FODMAP diyeti ise fonksiyonel gastrointestinal semptomları azaltmaya yönelik bir diyet olup, ön aşama, kısıtlayıcı aşama ve FODMAP ile yeniden tanıştırma aşamalarından oluşmaktadır. Düşük FODMAP diyetinin İBS semptomlarını azaltabileceği gösterilmiş; Crohn hastalığı, ülseratif kolit, çölyak tanısı olmayan gluten duyarlılığı, divertikülit, fonksiyonel dispepsi, kolik ve çocukluktaki abdominal ağrı semptomları üzerinde yararlı etkiler oluşturabileceğine dair kanıtlar bulunmuştur. Buna karşın, düşük FODMAP diyetinin uzun süre uygulamalarının bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerinde oluşturacağı olumsuz etkiler ve yetersiz posa alımının neden olacağı riskler iyi değerlendirilmelidir. Bu derlemenin amacı, FODMAP grubunda yer alan karbonhidratların gastrointestinal semptomlarla ilişkisinin incelenmesi ve düşük FODMAP diyet önerilerinin oluşturulmasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Fermente edilebilir oligosakkaritler; disakkaritler; monosakkaritler; polioller; FODMAP; diyet; gastrointestinal hastalıklar
ABSTRACT
 FODMAP is a term consisting of the initials of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols. In the FODMAP group, fructane and galactans from oligosaccharides, lactose from disaccharides, fructose from monosaccharides, sorbitol and mannitol from polyols are discussed. FODMAP components are small, and therefore osmotically active, molecules that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine, which can reach the colon, can be quickly fermented by bacteria in the colon. Dietary FODMAP intake can produce colonic gas, increase osmotic load with fermentation, affect bowel motility, and cause immune activation mechanisms and gastrointestinal symptoms. These carbohydrates are thought to increase the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and some gastrointestinal diseases. The low FODMAP diet is aimed at reducing functional gastrointestinal symptoms, consisting of the pre-stage, restrictive stage, and re-introduction to FODMAP. A low FODMAP diet has been shown to reduce IBS symptoms; evidence has been found to have beneficial effects on Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, gluten sensitivity without celiac diagnosis, diverticulitis, functional dispepsy, colic and abdominal pain in childhood. However, the adverse effects of longterm administration of low FODMAP diet on the intestinal microbiota and the risks of insufficient fiber intake should be well evaluated. The aim of this review is to investigate the relationship between carbohydrates in the FODMAP group and gastrointestinal symptoms and to establish low FODMAP dietary recommendations.

Keywords: Fermentable oligosaccharides; disaccharides; monosaccharides; polyols; FODMAP; diet; gastrointestinal diseases
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www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com