Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

Dişhekimliği Fakültesinde Genel Anestezi ileOperasyon Uygulanan Hasta Grubunun Özellikleri
EVALUATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS OPERATED UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN DENTISTRY
Zuhal KÜÇÜKYAVUZ*, Ebru AÇAR**
*, Ankara Üniversitesi Dişhekimliği Fakültesi Ağız, Diş, Çene Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi AD**, Dt., Ankara Üniversitesi Dişhekimliği Fakültesi Ağız, Diş, Çene Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi AD, ANKARA
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2002;8(1):13-9
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Dişhekimliği alanında genel anestezi uygulamalarının büyük kısmını oral ve maksillofasiyal cerrahiyi ilgilendiren girişimler oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Anabilim Dalımız yataklı servisinde genel anestezi ile opere edilen olguların özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir.Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya Ekim1999- Haziran 2001 tarihleri arasında Anabilim Dalımız yataklı servisinde genel anestezi ile opere edilen 174 olgu dahil edilmiştir. Değerlendirme yapılırken yaş, cins, ağırlık, operasyon süresi, operasyon tipi, ASA grubu, önceden geçirilmiş anestezi, alışkanlıklar, entübasyon şekli, entübasyon güçlüğü ve intraoperatif dönemde karşılaşılan komplikasyonlar gözönüne alınmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmada yer alan 174 olgunun yaş ortalaması 24.7±15 (min: 5 ay; maks:73 yaş), ağırlık ortalaması 52.9± 21 (min:6 kg; maks: 98 kg), ortalama operasyon süresi 164.8±103.2 dakika (min:30 dakika; maks:15 saat), kadın/erkek oranı 91/83 olarak bulundu. Olguların 142si (%81.6) ASA I, 21i (%12.1) ASA II ve 11i (%6.3) ASA III risk grubuna dahildi. Olguların 103 tanesi (%59.2) nazal olarak entübe edilirken, 67 olguda (%38.5) oral entübasyon yapıldı. Bir olguda (%0.6) maske ile anestezi uygulandı, üç olgu (%1.7) entübe edilemedi. 17 olguda (%9.7) entübasyon güçlüğü ile karşılaşıldı. Bunların 4 tanesi TME ankiloz nedeniyle beklenilen entübasyon güçlüğü idi, fiberoptik laringoskopi şartları sağlanarak entübe edildiler. Üç tanesi entübe edilemedi, geriye kalan 10 tanesinde (%5.7) güç de olsa endotrakeal entübasyon sağlandı. İntraoperatif dönemde 9 hastada (% 5.1) epistaksis, bir hastada (%0.5) VT atağı, bir hastada (%0.5) şiddetli bronkospazm, bir hastada (%0.5) aşırı sekresyona bağlı atelektazi gözlendi. Sonuç: Oral ve maksillofasiyal cerrahi geçirecek hastalar genellikle ASA I grubunda yeralan, anestezi riskleri düşük bireylerden oluşmakla birlikte, çene ve eklem deformiteleri nedeniyle entübasyon güçlüğü ile sık karşılaşılabilmektedir. En sık ortaya çıkan komplikasyonlardan birisi ise nazal entübasyon veya ortognatik cerrahiye bağlı burun kanamalarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Genel anestezi, Diş hekimliği, Morbidite
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Most of the procedures which are performed under general anesthesia in dentistry are related to oral and maxillofacial surgery. In this study we evaluated characteristics of patients operated under general anesthesia in our department.Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy-four patients who had been operated in between a period of October 1999 and June 2001 were enrolled to the study. We evaluated the demographic datas as well as operation time, previous general anaesthesia, ASA classification, habits, type of intubation, number of difficult intubation and intraoperative morbidity of all patients.Results: The mean age of 174 patients was 24.7±15 years, mean weight was 52.9±21 kg, mean operation time was 164.8±103.2 minutes, proportion of female to male was 91/83. One hundred and forty-two patients (% 81.6) were evaluated as ASA class I, 21 patients (% 12.1) were ASA class II and 11 patients (% 6.3) were ASA class III. One hundred and three patients (%59.2) were intubated with nasale route whereas oral intubation was performed in 67 of patients (% 38.5). General anaesthesia was applied via face mask in one case (% 0.6) and 3 patients (% 1.7) were unable to be intubated. The rate of difficult intubation was % 9.7 (n=17). Four of them were predicted difficult intubation because of TMJ ankylosis. These patients were intubated with fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Three out of the rest were able to be intubated in the third or subsequent attempts, 3 patients could not be intubated. Common complication was epistaxis which occurred in 9 patients (% 5.7) due to nasale intubation or orthognatic surgery. Ventricular tachycardia (%0.5), severe bronchospasm (%0.5) and atelectasia (%0.5) were observed separately in only one patient. Conclusion: Oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures carry low mortality related to general anaesthesia since most of the cases are ASA I class patients. Predicted or unexpected difficult intubation is frequent because of TMJ or facial deformities. One of the most significant morbidity is epistaxis caused by nasale intubation or orthognathic surgery.

Keywords: General anaesthesia, Dentistry, Morbidity

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