Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Öğrencisi Olan ve Olmayan Üniversite 1. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı ile Kişisel Bakım Alışkanlıklarının Karşılaştırılması
A Comparison of Oral Health Care Behaviors and Attitudes of Freshman Dental and Non-Dental/Medical Turkish Students
Melike CAMGÖZa, Cem A. GÜRGANb
aGazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Öğretim Üyeleri (VIP) Kliniği, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
bNuh Naci Yazgan Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Periodontoloji ABD, Kayseri, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2021;27(4):645-51
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2020-79891
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Yapılan çalışmalar, diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinin ağız bakım alışkanlıklarının öğretim seviyesine göre farklılıklar gösterdiğini bildirmiştir. Hiroşima Üniversitesi Dental Davranış Envanteri [Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HUDBI)], ülkeler arasındaki kültürel farkların bireylerin ağız ve diş sağlığı ile kişisel bakım alışkanlıklarına etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı, üniversite 1. sınıf diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencisi olan ve olmayan öğrencilerin, ağız ve diş sağlığı ile kişisel ağız bakım alışkanlıklarını HU-DBI kullanarak değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma topluluğumuzu, Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesinin 108 (Grup 1) 1. sınıf öğrencisi ile Gazi Üniversitesinin çeşitli fakültelerinde okuyan 90 (Grup 2) 1. Sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerin hepsi gönüllü olarak HU-DBI anketine katılmıştır. Çalışmamızda HU-DBI'nın Türkçe sürümü kullanılmıştır. Türkçe sürümün çevirisi 2 aşamada gerçekleştirilmiş, 2 sürümün eşliğinin onaylanması için çift ana dili olan bireylere 2 hafta arayla her 2 anket uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Grup 1'e göre daha fazla sayıda 2. grup öğrencileri diş etlerinin kanadığını (Soru 2, p<0,001), dişlerinin renginden rahatsız olduklarını (Soru 3, p<0,01) ve dişlerinin üzerinde beyaz kalıntılar gördüğünü bildirmiştir (Soru 4, p<0,001). Ortalama HU-DBI skoruna bakıldığında ise 2 grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar görülmemiştir (Grup 1=5,32±1,69; Grup 2=4,92±1,88). Sonuç: Bulgular, üniversitenin ilk yılında öğrencilerin çocukluktan gelen ağız bakım alışkanlıklarını sürdürdüğünü göstermiştir. Düşük ortalama HU-DBI skorları, çocukluğun erken yaşlarında verilecek toplumsal ağız diş sağlığı eğitimleriyle yükseltilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş hekimliği öğrencileri; diş hekimliği öğrencisi olmayan öğrenciler; Hiroşima Üniversitesi dental davranış envanteri; ağız bakım alışkanlıkları
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Studies have reported that the oral care habits of the students of the dental faculty differ according to their level of education. Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI) was developed to investigate dental health behavior, attitudes and perceptions of the individuals. The purpose of the present study was to compare the self-reported oral health behavior and attitudes among a group of freshman dental and non-dental/medical university students by using HU-DBI. Material and Methods: A population consisting of 108 freshman students from Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry (Group 1), and 90 freshman students from non-dental/medical faculties of Gazi University (Group 2) completed the HU-DBI. The individuals participated voluntarily and the Turkish version of the HU-DBI was applied. The translation of the Turkish version was carried out in 2 stages, and 2 questionnaires were administered to individuals with dual mother tongues, with an interval of 2 weeks, to confirm the equality of the 2 versions. Results: A greater proportion of non-dental/medical students reported gum bleeding (Item 2, p<0.001) than did the dental students, and a higher proportion of non-dental/medical students said they were bothered about the color of their teeth (Item 3, p<0.01) and reported that they had noticed some white sticky deposits on their teeth (Item 4, p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups for the mean HU-DBI score (Group 1=5.32±1.69 for dental and Group 2=4.92±1.88 for non-dental/medical students). Conclusion: The differences indicate that students tend to continue oral health behaviors from childhood. The low mean scores of the HU-DBI may be raised by improving public oral health education during early ages of life.

Keywords: Dental students; freshmen students; Hiroshima University dental behavior inventory; oral health behavior
REFERENCES:
  1. Al-Omari QD, Hamasha AA. Gender-specific oral health attitudes and behavior among dental students in Jordan. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2005;15;6(1):107-14. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Kawamura M. [Dental behavioral science. The relationship between perceptions of oral health and oral status in adults]. Hiroshima Daigaku Shigaku Zasshi. 1988;20(2):273-86. [PubMed] 
  3. Levin L, Shenkman A. The relationship between dental caries status and oral health attitudes and behavior in young Israeli adults. J Dent Educ. 2004;68(11):1185-91. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Komabayashi T, Kwan SY, Hu DY, Kajiwara K, Sasahara H, Kawamura M. A comparative study of oral health attitudes and behaviour using the Hiroshima University - Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI) between dental students in Britain and China. J Oral Sci. 2005;47(1):1-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Kawamura M, Kawabata K, Sasahara H, Fukuda S, Iwamoto Y. Dental behavioral science Part IX. Bilinguals' responses to the dental behavioral inventory (HU-DBI) written in English and in Japanese. J Hiroshima Univ Dent Soc. 1992;22:185-99. [Link] 
  6. Kawamura M, Wright FA, Declerck D, Freire MC, Hu DY, Honkala E, et al. An exploratory study on cultural variations in oral health attitudes, behaviour and values of freshman (first-year) dental students. Int Dent J. 2005;55(4):205-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Al-Wahadni AM, Al-Omiri MK, Kawamura M. Differences in self-reported oral health behavior between dental students and dental technology/dental hygiene students in Jordan. J Oral Sci. 2004;46(3):191-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Barrieshi-Nusair K, Alomari Q, Said K. Dental health attitudes and behaviour among dental students in Jordan. Community Dent Health. 2006;23(3):147-51. [PubMed] 
  9. Dagli RJ, Tadakamadla S, Dhanni C, Duraiswamy P, Kulkarni S. Self reported dental health attitude and behavior of dental students in India. J Oral Sci. 2008;50(3):267-72. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Dumitrescu AL, Kawamura M, Sasahara H. An assessment of oral self-care among Romanian dental students using the Hiroshima University--dental behavioural inventory. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2007;5(2):95-100. [PubMed] 
  11. Kawamura M, Iwamoto Y, Wright FA. A comparison of self-reported dental health attitudes and behavior between selected Japanese and Australian students. J Dent Educ. 1997;61(4):354-60. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Kawamura M, Honkala E, Widström E, Komabayashi T. Cross-cultural differences of self-reported oral health behaviour in Japanese and Finnish dental students. Int Dent J. 2000;50(1):46-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Kawamura M, Yip HK, Hu DY, Komabayashi T. A cross-cultural comparison of dental health attitudes and behaviour among freshman dental students in Japan, Hong Kong and West China. Int Dent J. 2001;51(3):159-63. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Kawamura M, Spadafora A, Kim KJ, Komabayashi T. Comparison of United States and Korean dental hygiene students using the Hiroshima university-dental behavioural inventory (HU-DBI). Int Dent J. 2002;52(3):156-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Peker I, Alkurt MT. Oral health attitudes and behavior among a group of Turkish dental students. Eur J Dent. 2009;3(1):24-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  16. Polychronopoulou A, Kawamura M. Oral self-care behaviours: comparing Greek and Japanese dental students. Eur J Dent Educ. 2005;9(4):164-70. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Peker K, Uysal Ö, Bermek G. [Dental training and changes in oral health attitudes and behaviors in Istanbul dental students]. J Dent Educ. 2010;74(9):1017-23. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Camgöz M, Gürgan AC. Diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinin ağız ve diş sağlığı ile kişisel bakım alışkanlıklarının Hiroşima Üniversitesi dental-davranış envanteri (HU-DBI) kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi. [An evaluation of self reported dental health attitudes of dental students by using Hiroshima University-dental behavioral inventory (HU-DBI)]. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2011;4(4):745-52. [Link] 
  19. Jaramillo JA, Jaramillo F, Kador I, Masuoka D, Tong L, Ahn C, et al. A comparative study of oral health attitudes and behavior using the Hiroshima University-dental behavioral inventory (HU-DBI) between dental and civil engineering students in Colombia. J Oral Sci. 2013;55(1):23-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  20. Pacauskiene IM, Smailiene D, Siudikienė J, Savanevskyte J, Nedzelskiene I. Self-reported oral health behavior and attitudes of dental and technology students in Lithuania. Stomatologija. 2014;16(2):65-71. [PubMed] 
  21. Sato M, Camino J, Oyakawa HR, Rodriguez L, Tong L, Ahn C, et al. Effect of dental education on Peruvian dental students' oral health-related attitudes and behavior. J Dent Educ. 2013;77(9):1179-84. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Rahman B, Kawas SA. The relationship between dental health behavior, oral hygiene and gingival status of dental students in the United Arab Emirates. Eur J Dent. 2013;7(1):22-7. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Okoh M, Enabulele J. Influence of clinical experience on oral health attitude and behaviour of dental students attending a Nigerian university. Odontostomatol Trop. 2014;37(148): 25-31. [PubMed] 
  24. Lujo M, Me?trović M, Ivani?ević Malčić A, Karlović Z, Matijević J, Jukić S. Knowledge, attitudes and habits regarding oral health in first- and final-year dental students. Acta Clin Croat. 2016;55(4):636-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Mekhemar M, Conrad J, Attia S, Dörfer C. Oral health attitudes among preclinical and clinical dental students in Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;15;17(12):4253. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  26. Muthu J, Priyadarshini G, Muthanandam S, Ravichndran S, Balu P. Evaluation of oral health attitude and behavior among a group of dental students in Puducherry, India: a preliminary cross-sectional study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2015;19(6):683-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  27. Karem Hassan B, Jabbar Ali B, Mahmood Alwan A, Badeia RA. Self-reported oral health attitudes and behaviors, and gingival status of dental students. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2020;25;12:225-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  28. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159-74. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Pınar Erdem A, Peker K, Kuru S, Sepet E. Evaluation of final-year Turkish dental students' knowledge, attitude, and self-perceived competency towards preventive dentistry. Biomed Res Int. 2019;19;2019:2346061. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  30. Macgregor ID, Balding JW. Self-esteem as a predictor of toothbrushing behaviour in young adolescents. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18(5):312-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Macgregor ID, Regis D, Balding J. Self-concept and dental health behaviours in adolescents. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24(5):335-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com