Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies

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Dirençli Nişastanın İnflamatuar Bağırsak Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyota Üzerine Etkisi
Effect of Resistant Starch on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Microbiota
Tuba TEKİNa, Mehmet FİSUNOĞLUb
aSivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Sivas, TÜRKİYE
bHacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
J Tradit Complem Med. 2020;3(1):99-106
doi: 10.5336/jtracom.2019-72218
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Dirençli nişasta, sağlıklı insanların ince bağırsaklarında sindirilmeyen ve emilmeyen, ancak kolondaki yerleşik mikroflora ile kolonda fermente edilen nişasta veya nişastalı gıda ürünlerinin toplamıdır. Dirençli nişastanın kolonda fermente olması sonucu doymuş alifatik organik asitler ailesine ait olan asetat, propiyonat ve bütirat gibi kısa zincirli yağ asitleri üretilmektedir. Dirençli nişasta, yararlı bakterilerin büyümesini ve aktivitesini uyarma, kısa zincirli yağ asitleri üretme gibi fonksiyonel özellikleri nedeni ile prebiyotik olarak kabul edilmektedir. Dirençli nişastanın vücut ağırlığı regülasyonunu sağladığı, insülin duyarlılığı ve glukoz yanıtını iyileştirdiği, kan lipid düzeyleri üzerinde düşürücü etki gösterdiği bilinmektedir. İnflamatuar bağırsak hastalıkları, gastrointestinal sistem içerisinde kronik veya tekrarlayan immün aktivasyon ve inflamasyon ile karakterizedir. Dirençli nişastanın, kolonda sağlığa yararlı bakterilerin büyümesini uyarması, patolojik etkileri baskılaması ve inflamatuar yanıtı düzenlemesi nedeni ile inflamatuar bağırsak hastalıkları üzerinde yararlı etkilerinin olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Gastrointestinal kanalda kolonize olan bakteri, virüs, mantar, protozoa gibi mikroorganizmalardan oluşan ve organ gibi işlev gören ekosistem, bağırsak mikrobiyotası olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Dirençli nişastanın kolonda fermentasyonuyla; safra asidi dönüşümünü ve bütirat konsantrasyonlarını artırdığı, bütiratın ise normal epitel hücre büyümesi ve kolonik hastalıkların önlenmesi için önemli olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Ayrıca dirençli nişasta, sağlığa yararlı bakterilerin büyümesini sağlayarak mikrobiyota üzerinde olumlu etki göstermektedir. Mikrobiyotayı düzenlemesi nedeni ile dirençli nişastanın hem inflamatuar bağırsak hastalıkları hem de diğer kronik hastalıklar üzerinde yararlı etkilerinin olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Dirençli nişasta; inflamatuar bağırsak hastalıkları; mikrobiyota; prebiyotikler
ABSTRACT
 Resistant starch is the sum of starch or starch food products that are not digested and absorbed in the small intestines of healthy people, but are fermented in the column by the microflora built into the colon. Fermentation of the resistant starch in the colon produces short chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate and butyrate from the saturated family of aliphatic organic acids. Resistant starch is considered to be prebiotic because of its functional properties such as stimulating the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria and producing short chain fatty acids. Resistant starch is known to provide body weight regulation, improve insulin sensitivity and glucose response, and have a reducing effect on blood lipids. Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by chronic and recurrent immune activation and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. It is thought that resistant starch may have beneficial effects on inflammatory bowel diseases because it stimulates the growth of beneficial bacteria in the colon, suppresses pathological effects and regulates the inflammatory response. The ecosystem, which is composed of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa colonized in the gastrointestinal tract, is called the intestinal microbiota. Fermentation of resistant starch in the column; It increases bile acid conversion and butyrate concentrations. Butyrate has proven to be important for normal epithelial cell growth and prevention of colonic diseases. In addition, resistant starch has a positive effect on the microbiota by promoting the growth of health beneficial bacteria. Due to its microbiota regulation, it is thought to have beneficial effects on both inflammatory bowel diseases and other chronic diseases.

Keywords: Resistant starch; inflammatory bowel diseases; microbiota; prebiotics
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