Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Determination of Nursing Students' Perceived Stress Levels and Competency: A Cross-Sectional Study
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Algıladıkları Stres Düzeyleri ve Yetkinliklerinin Belirlenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Gamze TUNÇER ÜNVERa , Nihal ÜNALDI BAYDINa
aOndokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Administration, Samsun, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(1):197-206
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-100407
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting nursing students' perceived stress levels and their competency. Material and Methods: This study was a descriptive, crosssectional study with 198 nursing students in Türkiye. A Student Identification Form completed by students, the Competency Inventory of Nursing Students and the Student Nurse Stress Index were used to collect data. The data were evaluated in the IBM SPSS 21 statistical program using mean, standard deviation, range, number and percentage, and the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The results showed that stress experienced by nursing students was moderate and that they evaluated their competence as good. While there was a significant difference between the students' Competency Inventory of Nursing Students mean scores and the variables of class, family income, and general weighted grade point average, there was a significant difference between Student Nurse Stress Index mean scores and the gender and class variables. Conclusion: The nursing students experienced moderate stress while maintaining high levels of competency, ethics, and responsibility. It was concluded that the female students had higher stress levels than male students, and that the stress levels of students whose income was lower than their expenses were higher than those of students whose income and expenses were equal. It was determined that fourth-year students, third-year students, and students whose income was higher than their expenses and whose grade point average was higher felt more competent.

Keywords: Clinical competence; education; nursing students; psychological stress
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin algıladıkları stres düzeylerini ve yetkinliklerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırma, Türkiye'de 198 hemşirelik öğrencisi ile tanımlayıcı, kesitsel bir çalışma olarak yapılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Öğrenci Tanılama Formu, Hemşirelik Öğrencileri Yetkinlik Ölçeği ve Öğrenci Hemşire Stres İndeksi kullanıldı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi IBM SPSS 21 istatistik programında ortalama, standart sapma, aralık, sayı ve yüzdelik, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testi ile gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaşadıkları stresin orta düzeyde olduğu ve mesleki yeterliliklerini iyi olarak değerlendirdikleri görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin Yetkinlik Ölçeği puan ortalamaları ile sınıf, aile gelir durumu, genel ağırlıklı not ortalaması değişkenleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunurken, Öğrenci Hemşire Stres İndeksi puan ortalamaları ile cinsiyet, sınıf değişkeni arasında anlamlı fark olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yüksek mesleki yeterlilik, etik ve sorumluluk düzeyleri göz önüne alındığında orta düzeyde stres yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Kız öğrencilerin stres düzeylerinin erkeklere göre daha yüksek olduğu, geliri giderinden düşük olanların stres düzeylerinin ise; geliri gideri eşit olan öğrencilerden daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin, üçüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin ve geliri giderinden yüksek olan ve genel not ortalaması yüksek olan öğrencilerin kendilerini daha yetkin hissettikleri belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Klinik yetkinlik; eğitim; hemşirelik öğrencileri; psikolojik stres
REFERENCES:
  1. Teo I, Chay J, Cheung YB, Sung SC, Tewani KG, Yeo LF, et al. Healthcare worker stress, anxiety and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: a 6-month multi-centre prospective study. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0258866. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  2. Turner K, McCarthy VL. Stress and anxiety among nursing students: a review of intervention strategies in literature between 2009 and 2015. Nurse Educ Pract. 2017;22:21-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. López-Pérez B, Ambrona T, Hanoch Y. Influence of the type of patient in the emotional response of nurses and nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract. 2016;19:7-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Ma H, Zou JM, Zhong Y, Li J, He JQ. Perceived stress, coping style and burnout of Chinese nursing students in late-stage clinical practice: a cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2022;62:103385. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Oner Altiok H, Ustun B. The stress sources of nursing students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice. 2013;13(2):760-6. [Link] 
  6. Fan JY, Wang YH, Chao LF, Jane SW, Hsu LL. Performance evaluation of nursing students following competency-based education. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(1):97-103. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Grande RAN, Berdida DJE, Susanto T, Khan A, Waelveerakup W, Saad Z. Nursing competency inventory and professional competence of graduating students in six Asian countries: a cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Today. 2022;116:105470. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Koç Z, Çınarlı T, Şener A, Kızıltepe SK. Patricia benner: hemşirelik uygulamalarında klinik bilgelik ve beceri edinimi [Patricia benner: clinical wisdom and skill acquisition in nursing practices]. ACU Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;9(1):1-12. [Link] 
  9. Reebals C, Wood T, Markaki A. Transition to practice for new nurse graduates: barriers and mitigating strategies. West J Nurs Res. 2022;44(4):416-29. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Forsberg E, Ziegert K, Hult H, Fors U. Clinical reasoning in nursing, a think-aloud study using virtual patients - a base for an innovative assessment. Nurse Educ Today. 2014;34(4):538-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Bruyneel L, Van den Heede K, Griffiths P, Busse R, et al; RN4CAST consortium. Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study. Lancet. 2014;383(9931):1824-30. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Cho E, Sloane DM, Kim EY, Kim S, Choi M, Yoo IY, et al. Effects of nurse staffing, work environments, and education on patient mortality: an observational study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(2):535-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  13. Mazalová L, Gurková E, ?tureková L. Nursing students' perceived stress and clinical learning experience. Nurse Educ Pract. 2022;64:103457. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Labrague LJ, McEnroe-Petitte DM, Gloe D, Thomas L, Papathanasiou IV, Tsaras K. A literature review on stress and coping strategies in nursing students. J Ment Health. 2017;26(5):471-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Bhurtun HD, Turunen H, Estola M, Saaranen T. Changes in stress levels and coping strategies among Finnish nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract. 2021;50:102958. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Jones MC, Johnston DW. The derivation of a brief student nurse stress index. Work & Stress. 1999;13(2):162-81. [Crossref] 
  17. Sarikoc G, Bayram Demiralp M, Oksuz E, Pazar B. Turkish Version of the Student Nurse Stress Index: validity and reliability. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2017;11(2):128-33. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Hsu LL, Hsieh SI. Development and psychometric evaluation of the competency inventory for nursing students: a learning outcome perspective. Nurse Educ Today. 2013;33(5):492-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Ülker T. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kendi mesleki yetkinliklerini değerlendirme aracının geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi; 2018. [Erişim tarihi: 9 Şubat 2024]. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  20. Liu J, Yang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Li J. Stress and coping styles among nursing students during the initial period of the clinical practicum: a cross-section study. Int J Nurs Sci. 2022;9(2):222-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  21. He FX, Turnbull B, Kirshbaum MN, Phillips B, Klainin-Yobas P. Assessing stress, protective factors and psychological well-being among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2018;68:4-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Ribeiro FMSES, Mussi FC, Pires CGDS, Silva RMD, Macedo TTS, Santos CAST. Stress level among undergraduate nursing students related to the training phase and sociodemographic factors. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2020;28:e3209. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Tung YJ, Lo KKH, Ho RCM, Tam WSW. Prevalence of depression among nursing students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2018;63:119-29. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Zhao FF, Lei XL, He W, Gu YH, Li DW. The study of perceived stress, coping strategy and self-efficacy of Chinese undergraduate nursing students in clinical practice. Int J Nurs Pract. 2015;21(4):401-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Ching SSY, Cheung K, Hegney D, Rees CS. Stressors and coping of nursing students in clinical placement: a qualitative study contextualizing their resilience and burnout. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020;42:102690. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. American Psychological Association-APA. Stress in America: Coping with Change. Stress in America? Survey. 2017. [Link] 
  27. Alghamdi S, Aljabri S, Jafari G, Alzebali R, Alkunaidiri N, & Kalantan N. Sources of stress among undergraduate nursing students. Global Journal of Health Science. 2019;11(9):116-22. [Crossref] 
  28. Yu M, Tong H, Li S, Wu XV, Hong J, Wang W. Clinical competence and its association with self-efficacy and clinical learning environments among Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract. 2021;53:103055. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Nehrir B, Vanaki Z, Mokhtari Nouri J, Khademolhosseini SM, Ebadi A. Competency in nursing students: a systematic review. International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health. 2016;4(1):3-11. [Crossref] 
  30. Ulker T, Korkmaz. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kendi mesleki yetkinliklerini değerlendirme aracının geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması: metodolojik çalışma [Nursing students' self-assessment of professional competence scale' validity and reliability: methodological study]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2022;14(3):788-97. [Crossref] 
  31. Vasli P, Shahsavari A, Estebsari F, AsadiParvar-Masouleh H. The predictors of nursing students' clinical competency in pre-internship objective structured clinical examination: the roles of exam anxiety and academic success. Nurse Educ Today. 2021;107:105148. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Heydari A, Kareshki H, Armat MR. Is nurses' professional competence related to their personality and emotional intelligence? A cross-sectional study. J Caring Sci. 2016;5(2):121-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com