Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
COVID-19 Pandemisinde Tek Bir Cerrahla Sünneti İstenilen Çocuklarda Tespit Edilen Konjenital veya Edinsel İnguinoskrotal Patolojiler: Retrospektif Çalışma
Congenital or Acquired Inguinoscrotal Pathologies Detected in Children Who Applicable to Application with a Single Surgeon Who Requested Circumcision in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Study
Olga Devrim AYVAZa, Ayşenur CELAYİRa
aSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Zeynep Kamil Kadın ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Çocuk Cerrahisi ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2022;42(1):21-6
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2021-86930
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: İnmemiş testis, retraktil testis, hidrosel gibi inguinoskrotal patolojiler edinsel veya konjenital olabilir; pek çok çocukta inguinoskrotal bölge anomalileri fark edilmeyebilir. Bu çalışma, sünnet istemiyle tek hekimden randevu alarak başvuran çocuklarda, muayene sırasında yeni veya geç tespit edilen konjenital veya edinsel skrotal patolojilerin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak-Eylül 2021 tarihleri arasında, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Zeynep Kamil Kadın ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Cerrahisi polikliniğinden tek hekimden randevu alarak sünnet istemiyle başvuran hastalar retrospektif değerlendirildi. Muayene sırasında yeni tespit edilen skrotal patolojili olgular çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Veriler, 20,0 SPSS istatistik programına yüklenerek deskriptif değerleri saptandı. Bulgular: Sekiz aylık süreçte sünnet istemiyle başvuran 150 çocuğun ortalama yaşı 7,3±3,1 (minimum: 1 ay, maksimum: 12 yıl) yıl idi. Yüz elli hastanın 15'inde (%10) skrotal patoloji saptandı. Yedisinde (%4,7) retraktil testis, 6'sında (%4) inmemiş testis, 1'inde (%0,7) hidrosel tespit edilirken, 1'inde (%0,7) testis skrotuma gergin indirilmekteydi. Ortalama yaş, inmemiş testislilerin 6,83±2,32 (minimum: 3, maksimum: 10) yıl, retraktil testislilerin ise 5±3,06 (minimum: 1, maksimum: 11) yıl idi. Hidroselli olgu ise 3 yaşındaydı. Skrotal patoloji saptanan 15 hastada ultrasonografi (USG)/Doppler USG yapıldı. Skrotal patolojiler 10'unda (%67) sağ tarafta, 4'ünde (%27) sol tarafta, 1'inde (%6) ise bilateraldi. İnmemiş testis ve hidrosel tanılı 7 (%46,67, n=15) hasta opere edildi; 8'i (%53,33, n=15) takibe alınırken, sünnet operasyonlarının aciliyeti olmadığı için pandemi sonrası yapılması önerildi. Sonuç: Sünnet istemiyle başvuran olguların %10'unda ek bir skrotal patoloji olduğu muayenede fark edildi, %4,7'sinde operasyon gerekti. Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 pandemisi döneminde, elektif operasyonlar yapılmasa dahi sünnet istemiyle başvuran tüm olguların muayene edilmesiyle ailelerin veya farklı branş hekimlerinin fark etmediği skrotal patolojiler saptanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; sünnet; ürogenital anomaliler; ürogenital cerrahi işlemler
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Inguinoscrotal pathologies such as undescended testis, retractile testis, hydrocele be acquired or congenital; inguinoscrotal region anomalies may not be noticed in many children. This study was carried out to evaluate new/late-detected congenital/ acquired scrotal pathologies during examination in children who applied for circumcision by making an appointment with a single physician. Material and Methods: Patients who applied for circumcision by making an appointment with a single physician from pediatric surgery outpatient clinic of University of Health Sciences, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Diseases Health Training and Research Center between January-September 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Cases with new-detected scrotal pathology during the examination were included in this study. The data were uploaded to 20.0 SPSS statistical program, their descriptive values were determined. Results: The mean age of 150 children who applied for circumcision during the 8-month period was 7.3±3.1 (minimum: 1 month, maximum: 12 years) years. Scrotal pathology was detected in 15 (10%). Retractile testis was detected in 7 (4.7%), undescended testis in 6 (4%), hydrocele in 1 (0.7%), and in 1 (0.7%) testicle was lowered taut into the scrotum. The mean age was 6.83±2.32 (minimum: 3, maximum: 10) years for undescended testis, 5±3.06 (minimum: 1, maximum: 11) years for retractile testis. The patient with hydrocele was 3 years old. Ultrasonography (USG)/Doppler USG was performed in 15 patients with scrotal pathology. Scrotal pathologies were on right-side in 10 (67%), on left-side in 4 (27%), bilateral in 1 (6%). Seven patients (46.67%, n=15) with undescended testis and hydrocele were operated; 8 patients (53.33%, n=15) were followed up, circumcision operations were recommended to be performed after the pandemic. Conclusion: Scrotal pathology was noticed in 10% of the cases who applied for circumcision; 4.7% required an operation. Even if elective operations are not performed during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, scrotal pathologies that are not noticed by families or physicians of different departments can be detected by examining.

Keywords: COVID-19; circumcision; urogenital abnormalities; urogenital surgical procedures
REFERENCES:
  1. Karaman Mİ, Öztürk M, Koca O. Sünnet komplikasyonları [Circumcision complications]. Androl. 2013;53:75-8. [Crossref] 
  2. Büyükünal SNC. Toplumumuzda sünnet uygulamaları ve tarihi gelişimine bir bakış [An overview of circumcision practices and historical development in our society]. Çocuk Cerrahisi Dergisi. 2015;29(3):104-20. [Crossref] 
  3. Bosnalı O, Tander B. Covid 19 pandemisi ve çocuk cerrahisi [Covid 19 pandemic and pediatric surgery]. Çocuk Cerrahisi Dergisi. 2020;34(1):1-8. [Crossref] 
  4. Shin J, Jeon GW. Comparison of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for undescended testis. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(11):415-21. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Holland AJ, Nassar N, Schneuer FJ. Undescended testes: an update. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016;28(3):388-94. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Radmayr C, Dogan HS, Hoebeke P, Kocvara R, Nijman R, Silay S, et al. Management of undescended testes: European Association of Urology/European Society for Paediatric Urology Guidelines. J Pediatr Urol. 2016;12(6):335-43. Erratum in: J Pediatr Urol. 2017;13(2):239. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Yeap E, Nataraja RM, Pacilli M. Undescended testes: what general practitioners need to know. Aust J Gen Pract. 2019;48(1-2):33-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Lip SZ, Murchison LE, Cullis PS, Govan L, Carachi R. A meta-analysis of the risk of boys with isolated cryptorchidism developing testicular cancer in later life. Arch Dis Child. 2013;98(1): 20-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Cook MB, Akre O, Forman D, Madigan MP, Richiardi L, McGlynn KA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of perinatal variables in relation to the risk of testicular cancer--experiences of the son. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(6):1605-18. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Walsh TJ, Dall'Era MA, Croughan MS, Carroll PR, Turek PJ. Prepubertal orchiopexy for cryptorchidism may be associated with lower risk of testicular cancer. J Urol. 2007;178(4 Pt 1):1440-6; discussion 1446. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Chan E, Wayne C, Nasr A; FRCSC for Canadian Association of Pediatric Surgeon Evidence-Based Resource. Ideal timing of orchiopexy: a systematic review. Pediatr Surg Int. 2014;30(1): 87-97. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Jedrzejewski G, Wieczorek AP, Osemlak P, Nachulewicz P. The role of ultrasound in the management of undescended testes before and after orchidopexy-an update. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(51):e5731. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  13. Büyükünal E, Büyükünal SNC. Erişkin yaş testis tümörlerinin inmemiş testisle ilişkisi üzerine bir çalışma [A study on the relationship between adult age testicular tumors and undescended testis]. Çocuk Cerrahisi Dergisi. 2017;31(2):71-5. [Crossref] 
  14. Dave J. Cause and management of hydrocele: a review article. Indian J of Applied Research. 2015;5(10):117-8. [Link] 
  15. Patoulias I, Koutsogiannis E, Panopoulos I, Michou P, Feidantsis T, Patoulias D. Hydrocele in pediatric population. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2020;63(2):57-62. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. DeVries CR. The role of the urologist in the treatment and elimination of lymphatic filariasis worldwide. BJU Int. 2002;89 Suppl 1:37-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com