Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
COVID-19 Öncesi ve Süresindeki Avrupa Futbol Ligleri Sakatlık Prevalansı: Kesitsel Araştırma
Prevalence of Injury in European Football Leagues Before and in the Process of COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Research
Abdullah ÇETİNDEMİRa, Selami YÜKSEKb, Hamit CİHANb, Mert SAĞLAMc
aTrabzon Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri ABD, Trabzon, TÜRKİYE
bTrabzon Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Trabzon, TÜRKİYE
cTrabzon Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Spor Yöneticiliği Bölümü Spor Yönetim Bilimleri ABD, Trabzon, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2021;13(3):375-85
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2021-83730
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı; 2019-2020 sezonu Avrupa futbol liglerinde yaşanan spor sakatlıklarının araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma grubunu 'Transfermarkt' internet sitesi ve kulüplerin resmi sitelerinde bildirilen 2019-2020 sezonuna ait Türkiye-Süper Lig'i, Almanya-Bundesliga, İtalya-Serie A, İngiltere-Premier League, Portekiz-Liga NOS ve İspanya-La Ligada mücadele eden profesyonel kulüp sporcuları (n=2612) oluşturmaktadır. Bunun için 'Transfermark' ve kulüplerin resmi internet sitelerinden liglere, ardından liglerin kategorisi sekmesinden takım ve sporculara ulaşılmıştır. Erişilen bilgilerin içeriğinden, sakatlıkların bölgesel ve yapısal özellikleriyle sakatlıklardan geriye dönüş süreleri incelenmiştir. Sporcuların ortalama boyu 1,82 cm iken yaşları 27,33 yıldır. Nicel araştırmalardan doküman analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 23 paket programı kullanılarak, istatistiki yöntem olarak; frekans ve yüzde dağılımı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Sezon boyunca en yüksek sakatlık oranı sırasıyla İtalya-Serie A (n=763, %29,2), Almanya-Bundesliga (n=535, %20,5) ve İspanya-La Liga (n=425, %16,3) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Pandemi döneminde, koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) sürecindeki (n=669, %48,54) sakatlıkların daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. COVID-19 sürecindeki sakatlıkların büyük bir bölümünü İtalya-Serie A ligi (n=219, %32,7) ve Türkiye-Süper Lig'i (n=169, %32,7) oluşturmuştur. COVID-19 sürecinde hafta başına düşen sakatlık oranı ise Türkiye'de (n=21,13) ve İtalya'da (n=18,25) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sakatlıkların türlerinin dağılımı ise sırasıyla kas (n=1.232, %47,2), ligament (n=342, %13,1) ve onu takip eden kemik yaralanmaları (n=139, %5,3) oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç: Yaşanan sakatlıklarda COVID-19 nedeniyle uygulanan zorunlu aralar, yıllık antrenman ve müsabaka periyotlarında verim düzeyi üzerinde dalgalanmalara neden olmuş olabilir. Dolayısıyla bu durum, geçiş ve hazırlık sürecinde oyuncuları sakatlıklara daha açık bir hâle getirdiği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Futbol; spor sakatlıkları; koronavirüs
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this research; 2019-2020 season is investigation of injuries in European football leagues. Materials and Methods: The research group is soccer players (n=2612) in TurkishSuper League, Germany-Bundesliga, Italy-Serie A, English-Premier League, Portugal-Liga NOS and Spain-La Liga for 2019-2020 season, which are reported on Transfermarkt website and official websites of clubs. Consequently, Transfermark and official websites of clubs reached leagues, followed by teams and athletes from category tab of leagues. From content of information accessed, regional and structural characteristics of injuries and return times were examined. Average height of athletes is 1.82 cm, while their age is 27.33 years. Document analysis method was used in quantitative research. Using SPSS 23 package program in analysis of data, as a statistical method; frequency and percentage distribution are used. Results: Highest injury rate season throughout was Italy-Serie A (n=763, 29.2%), Germany-Bundesliga (n=535, 20.5%) and Spain-La Liga (n=425, 16.3%), respectively. Period pandemic, injuries process of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID19) (n=669, 48.54%) were found to be higher. Most of injuries COVID-19 process were Italian-Serie A league (n=219, 32.7%) and Turkish-Super League (n=169, 32.7%). Injury rate per week process COVID-19 was determined as Turkey (n=21.13) and Italy (n=18.25). Distribution of injuries types is muscle (n=1,232, 47.2%), ligament (n=342, 13.1%) and subsequent bone injuries (n=139, 5.3%), respectively. Conclusion: Mandatory breaks due to COVID-19 may have caused fluctuations in level efficiency during annual training and competition periods. Therefore, it can be said that this situation makes players more vulnerable to injuries during preparation process.

Keywords: Football; sports injuries; coronavirus
REFERENCES:
  1. Erdoğan İ. Futbol ve futbolu inceleme üzerine [On studying football]. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Derg. 2008;1(26):1-58. [Link] 
  2. Eker H, Ağaoğlu YS, Albay F. 20-25 yaş arası futbol oynayan, futbolu bırakan ve düzenli spor yapmayan öğrencilerin solunum ve antropometrik parametrelerinin incelenmesi [The examination the anthropometric and respiratory parameters of the subjects aged between 20-25 years old and who were active soccer players, who were not active soccer players anymore and who did not do sports regularly in niğde university]. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2003;1(2):89-97. [Crossref] 
  3. Kumartaşlı M, Topuz R, Dağdelen S. 10-12 yaş grubu futbolcuların motorik perfor mansının değerlendirilmesi [Evaluating motoric performance of 10-12 age group football players]. Int J Sci Cult Sport. 2014;2(Özel sayı 2):101-101. [Crossref] 
  4. Kanbir O. Sporda Sağlık Bilinci ve İlk Yardım. 3. Baskı. Bursa: Ekin Kitabevi Yayınları; 2017.[Link] 
  5. Orchard J, Seward H. Epidemiology of injuries in the Australian Football League, seasons 1997-2000. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36(1):39-44. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  6. Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, Andersen TE, Bahr R, Dvorak J, et al. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(3):193-201. [PubMed] [PMC] 
  7. Steffen K, Soligard T, Engebretsen L. The IOC's endeavour to protect the health of the athlete continues. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(7):551-2. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  8. Kalyon TA. Sporcu Sağlığı ve Spor Sakatlık ları. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Ankara GATA Basımevi; 1995.
  9. Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Manag Sport Leis. 2020;0(0):1-6. [Crossref] 
  10. Meyer T, Mack D, Donde K, Harzer O, Krutsch W, Rössler A, et al. Successful return to professional men's football (soccer) competition after the COVID-19 shutdown: a cohort study in the German Bundesliga. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55(1):62-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  11. Mohr M, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. J Sports Sci. 2003;21(7):519-28. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  12. Atay E, Tanır H, Çetinkaya E. Güreşçi̇lerde sakatlık bölgeleri̇ni̇n araştırılması [Investigation of disability regions in wrestlers]. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;1(1):1-4. [Link] 
  13. Özgür BO, Özgür T, Aksoy M. Voleybol ve futbolcularda spor sakatlığına rastlama sıklığı [Sports injury frequency of volleyball and football players]. İÜ Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;6(3):50-5. [Link] 
  14. Shalaj I, Tishukaj F, Bachl N, Tschan H, Wessner B, Csapo R. Injuries in professional male football players in Kosovo: a descriptive epidemiological study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:338. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  15. Transfermarkt [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 6 Ağustos 2021]. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  16. Transfermarkt [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 6 Ağustos 2021]. Türkiye Süper Lig. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  17. Transfermarkt [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 6 Ağustos 2021]. Almanya Bundesliga. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  18. Transfermarkt [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 6 Ağustos 2021]. İngiltere Premier League. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  19. Transfermarkt [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 6 Ağustos 2021]. İtalya Serie A. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  20. Transfermarkt [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 6 Ağustos 2021]. İspanya LaLiga. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  21. Transfermarkt [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 6 Ağustos 2021]. Portekiz Liganos. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  22. Ergün N, Baltacı G, Tunay VB. Spor Yaralanmalarında Egzersiz Tedavisi. 4. Baskı. Ankara: Hipokrat Kitabevi; 2016. [Link] 
  23. Kanbir O. Sporda Sağlık Bilinci ve İlk Yardım. 2. Baskı. Bursa: Ekin Kitabevi Yayınları; 2017.
  24. Hägglund M, Waldén M, Bahr R, Ekstrand J. Methods for epidemiological study of injuries to professional football players: developing the UEFA model. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(6): 340-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  25. Junge A, Dvorak J. Soccer injuries: a review on incidence and prevention. Sports Med. 2004;34(13):929-38. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  26. Sapp RM, Spangenburg EE, Hagberg JM. Trends in aggressive play and refereeing among the top five European soccer leagues. J Sports Sci. 2018;36(12):1346-54. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  27. Bangsbo J. Fitness Training in Football : A Scientific Approach. Denmark: August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen; 1994. [Link] 
  28. Lindblom H. Injury Prevention in Youth Football Players: Training Effects and Programme Implementation. Linköping: LiU-Tryck; 2019. [Link] 
  29. Poulsen TD, Freund KG, Madsen F, Sandvej K. Injuries in high-skilled and low-skilled soccer: a prospective study. Br J Sports Med. 1991;25(3):151-3. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  30. Bayraktar B, Dinç C, Yücesir I, Evin A. Injury evaluation of the Turkish national football team over six consecutive seasons. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2011;17(4):313-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  31. Petrie TA, Falkstein DL. Methodological, measurement, and statistical issues in research on sport injury prediction. J Appl Sport Psychol. 1998;10(1):26-45. [Crossref] 
  32. Junge A, Rösch D, Peterson L, Graf-Baumann T, Dvorak J. Prevention of soccer injuries: a prospective intervention study in youth amateur players. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30(5): 652-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com