Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Correlation Between the Health Literacy of Individuals in Türkiye and Their Level of Knowledge About COVID-19 and Their Status of Taking Protective Measures: Descriptive and Relationship Seeking Study
Türkiye'de Bireylerin Sağlık Okuryazarlıkları ile COVID-19'a İlişkin Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Koruyucu Önlemler Alma Durumları Arasındaki İlişkisi: Tanımlayıcı ve İlişki Arayıcı Çalışma
Emine ŞENYUVAa , Deniz YILDIRIMb
aDepartment of Nursing Education, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, İstanbul, Türkiye
bProf. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2023;15(3):625-34
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2022-94484
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between the health literacy of individuals in Türkiye and their level of knowledge on coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and to what extent they take protective measures. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in accordance with the descriptive study method. The study was conducted with 511 people aged between 18-65, living in İstanbul. Study data were collected using the Information Form, Turkey's Health Literacy Scale-32. Results: In the study, it has been found that 46.4% of the individuals have inadequate health literacy. An strong positive correlation was found between the health literacy of individuals and their status of knowledge of COVID-19 and the protective measures they took regarding COVID-19. Conclusion: As the health literacy of individuals increases,the protective measures taken against COVID-19 increase,as well.Although the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced its impact today,it still continues to be a respiratory disease with a high risk of death all over the world.The high level of health literacy of the individual/society enables individuals to have knowledge about COVID-19,to distinguish between true and false knowledge, to protect themselves from COVID-19,and to take the necessary protective measures (physical/social distance,wearing masks,hand washing,isolation/staying at home, etc.) to minimize the risk of contagion related to COVID-19.As a result of this study, it is recommended to increase the health literacy of the society.Thus, preventive measures against COVID-19 can be provided and the COVID-19 outbreak can be brought under control all over the world.

Keywords: Health literacy; COVID-19; pandemics; health education
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı ile koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ve koruyucu önlemleri ne ölçüde aldıklarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma tanımlayıcı, kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı araştırma yöntemine uygun olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırma, İstanbul'da yaşayan 18-65 yaş arası 511 kişi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-32 ve Bilgi Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmada bireylerin %46,4'ünün sağlık okuryazarlığının yetersiz olduğu saptanmıştır. Bireylerin %56,5'inin COVID-19 hakkında sahip olduğu bilgiyi yeterli bulduğunu, %88,5'inin COVID-19'a ilişkin koruyucu önlemler aldığını ifade ettiği belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı ile COVID-19 hakkında bilgi sahibi olma durumu ve COVID-19'a karşı aldıkları koruyucu önlemler arasında ileri düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı arttıkça COVID-19'a karşı alınan koruyucu önlemler de artmaktadır. COVID-19 salgını günümüzde etkisini azaltmış olsa da halen tüm dünyada ölüm riski yüksek bir solunum yolu hastalığı olmaya devam ediyor. Bireyin ve toplumun sağlık okuryazarlığının yüksek olması, bireylerin COVID-19 hakkında bilgi sahibi olmalarını, doğru ve yanlış bilgiyi ayırt edebilmelerini, COVID-19'dan korunmalarını, COVID-19'a ilişkin bulaşıcılık riskini en aza indirecek gerekli koruyucu önlemleri (fiziksel/sosyal mesafe, maske takma, el yıkama, izolasyon/evde kalma vb.) alabilmelerini sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışma sonucunda birey/toplumun sağlık okuryazarlığının arttırılması önerilmektedir. Böylece COVID-19'a karşı önleyici tedbirler alınabilir ve tüm dünyada COVID-19 salgını kontrol altına alınabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlık okuryazarlığı; COVID-19; pandemik; sağlık eğitimi
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