Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: REVIEW
Coping in Children with Chronic Disease: Traditional Review
Kronik Hastalık Tanısıyla İzlenen Çocuklarda Baş Etme: Geleneksel Derleme
Gizem ÇAKIRa , Naime ALTAYa
aGazi University Faculty of Nursing, Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(2):593-601
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-98836
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Chronic diseases have physical, psychological, social, and academic effects on children. Chronic disease is a stress factor that can cause negative effects on children in different areas. While stress is natural and expected in life, coping should accompany this process. Stress and coping in children with acute and chronic health problems are important issues and are often studied together. Stress can be brought under control when coping is effective. If there is ineffective coping, stress takes over life and can damage physical, emotional, psychological health and social functioning. Children can use more than one coping method to cope with stressors. It is thought that the two factor model (avoidance/approach and problem-focused/emotion-focused) used in coping is not sufficient for children. For this reason, a threefactor model was developed for children. Children who are competent in coping will experience positive emotions as they will have positive experiences. It is stated that coping successfully provides strong psychological health and well-being. Children may need guidance in learning and/or developing coping methods. This study aims to examine the effects of chronic disease on children, the importance and measurement of coping in children with chronic disease, and methods that can be used to improve coping skills in children.

Keywords: Adaptation; child; chronic disease; psychological
ÖZET
 Kronik hastalığın çocuklar üzerinde fiziksel, psikolojik, sosyal ve akademik etkileri olabilmektedir. Kronik hastalık çocuklar üzerinde çeşitli etkilere neden olabilen bir stres faktörüdür. Stres, doğal ve yaşamda beklenen bir şey olmakla birlikte baş etme bu sürece eşlik etmelidir. Akut ve kronik sağlık sorunu yaşayan çocuklarda stres ve baş etme birlikte ele alınması gereken önemli bir durumdur. Baş etme etkili olduğunda stres kontrol altına alınabilir. Etkisiz bir baş etme durumunda stres hayatı ele geçirerek fiziksel, duygusal, psikolojik sağlık ve sosyal işlevselliğe zarar verebilmektedir. Çocuklar stresörle baş etmek için birden fazla baş etme yöntemini kullanabilirler. Çocuklar baş etme yöntemlerini öğrenmede ve/veya geliştirebilmede rehberliğe ihtiyaç duyabilmektedirler. Baş etmede kullanılan ikili modelin (kaçınma/yaklaşma ve problem odaklı/duygu odaklı) çocuklar için her zaman yeterli olmadığı bunun yerine çocuklarda üç faktörlü baş etme modelinin kullanılabileceği görüşü bulunmaktadır. Baş etmede yeterli olan çocuklar olumlu deneyimler edineceğinden olumlu duygular yaşayacaktır. Başarılı bir şekilde baş etmenin psikolojik sağlık bakımından güçlü olmayı ve iyi oluşluk hâlini sağladığı belirtilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, kronik hastalığın çocuklar üzerindeki etkilerini, kronik hastalık tanısıyla izlenen çocuklarda baş etmenin önemini ve değerlendirmesini, çocuklarda baş etme becerilerini geliştirmede faydalanılabilecek yöntemleri incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Uyum; çocuk; kronik hastalık; psikolojik
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