Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Comparison of Chu's Probe Method with the Actual Dimension of Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Evaluation of Gingival Parameters in Individuals Who Do Not Need Orthodontic Treatment: Methodological Study
Ortodontik Tedavi İhtiyacı Olmayan Bireylerde Chu's Sondu Yönteminin Maksillar Anterior Dişlerin Gerçek Boyutları ile Karşılaştırılması ve Diş Eti Parametrelerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Metodolojik Çalışma
Murat TUNCAa , Dicle ALTINDALb , Yasemin TUNCAa
aVan Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Van, Türkiye
bVan Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Van, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2024;30(2):247-55
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2023-98311
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aims to compare the real width/length ratio of the maxillary anterior teeth with values obtained through Chu's probe and to assess periodontal parameters. Material and Methods: 128 individuals with Class I occlusion and no need for orthodontic treatment were included. Maxillary incisor width and length were measured using calipers and Chu's probe. Keratinised gingival height, pocket depth, gingival thickness and need for gingivectomy were also measured. Statistical analyses were performed using the independent samples t-test for continuous variables, the chi-squared test for categorical variables, and the kappa statistic for method comparisons. Results: No significant difference between methods was observed for each tooth. Highest keratinized gingiva amount was in upper left lateral incisor in females (5.141±1.46) and upper right lateral incisor in males (5.542±1.55). The tooth with the deepest pocket depth was upper left canine in females (2.301±0.54) and upper right canine (2.40±0.58) and upper left canine (2.40±0.63) in males. Thin phenotype was common in upper right lateral incisor in females (n=46), while thick phenotype was seen in upper right central incisor (n=30) and upper left lateral incisor (n=30). Teeth with highest and lowest gingivectomy needs were upper left canine in females (n=37) and upper right lateral incisor (n=11), and upper left central incisor (n=28) and upper left lateral incisor (n=10) in males, respectively. Conclusion: When the crown width-to-height ratio is 0.78 in terms of aesthetics, Chu's probe is practical in clinical use and gives similar results to caliper measurements.

Keywords: Esthetics; incisor
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı üst çene anterior dişlerin gerçek genişlik/uzunluk oranını ile Chu'nun sondu ile elde edilen değerlerle karşılaştırmak ve diş eti parametrelerin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya ortodontik tedaviye ihtiyacı bulunmayan sınıf I oklüzyona sahip 128 birey dâhil edildi. Bireylerin maksiller kesici dişlerinin genişlik ve uzunlukları hem kumpas hem de Chu'nun sondu ile ölçüldü. Ayrıca ölçüm yapılan dişlerin keratinize diş eti yüksekliği, cep derinliği, diş eti kalınlığı ve gingivektomi ihtiyaçları belirlendi. Sürekli değişkenler bakımından bağımsız örneklem t-testi, kategorik değişkenler için ki-kare test, yöntemlerin karşılaştırılması için ise Kappa istatistik yöntemleri elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel karşılaştırılması için kullanıldı. Bulgular: Ölçümü yapılan her diş için yöntemler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi. En yüksek keratinize diş eti miktarı kadınlarda üst sol yan kesici dişte (5,141±1,46), erkeklerde ise üst sağ yan kesici dişte (5,542±1,55) gözlendi. Cep derinliğinin en yüksek olduğu diş, kadınlarda üst sol köpek diş (2,301±0,54), erkeklerde ise üst sağ köpek (2,40±0,58) ve üst sol köpek (2,40±0,63) dişleri oldu. Diş eti kalınlığı açısından, kadınlarda ince fenotip en çok üst sağ yan kesici dişte (n=46); kalın fenotip ise üst sağ orta kesici diş (n=30) ve üst sol yan kesici dişinde (n=30) gözlendi. Gingivektomi ihtiyacı en yüksek ve en düşük olan dişler sırasıyla kadınlarda üst sol köpek diş (n=37) ve üst sağ yan kesici diş (n=11), erkeklerde ise üst sol orta kesici diş (n=28) ve üst sol yan kesici diş (n=10) olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Estetik açıdan kron genişlik-yükseklik oranı 0,78 olduğunda Chu'nun sondu klinik kullanımda pratiktir ve kumpas ölçümlerine benzer sonuçlar verir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Estetik; kesici
REFERENCES:
  1. Proffit W, Fields H, Larson B, Sarver D. Contemporary Orthodontics. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018.
  2. Liao P, Fan Y, Nathanson D. Evaluation of maxillary anterior teeth width: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;122(3):275-81.e7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. Akl MA, Mansour DE, Mays K, Wee AG. Mathematical tooth proportions: a systematic review. J Prosthodont. 2022;31(4):289-98. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Levin EI. Dental esthetics and the golden proportion. J Prosthet Dent. 1978;40(3):244-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Preston JD. The golden proportion revisited. J Esthet Dent. 1993;5(6):247-51. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Snow SR. Esthetic smile analysis of maxillary anterior tooth width: the golden percentage. J Esthet Dent. 1999;11(4):177-84. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Ward DH. Proportional smile design: using the recurring esthetic dental proportion to correlate the widths and lengths of the maxillary anterior teeth with the size of the face. Dent Clin North Am. 2015;59(3):623-38. [PubMed] 
  8. Calçada D, Correia A, Araújo F. Anthropometric analysis of anterior maxillary teeth with digital photography - a study in a Portuguese sample. Int J Esthet Dent. 2014;9(3):370-80. [PubMed] 
  9. Ong E, Brown RA, Richmond S. Peer assessment of dental attractiveness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130(2):163-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Hasanreisoglu U, Berksun S, Aras K, Arslan I. An analysis of maxillary anterior teeth: facial and dental proportions. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;94(6):530-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Al-Marzok MI, Majeed KR, Ibrahim IK. Evaluation of maxillary anterior teeth and their relation to the golden proportion in Malaysian population. BMC Oral Health. 2013;13:9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Türp JC, Greene CS, Strub JR. Dental occlusion: a critical reflection on past, present and future concepts. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35(6):446-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Beygelman YA, Khosravi R, Masoud M, Turpin D, Bollen AM. The influence of labiolingual and mesiodistal anterior tooth dimensions on interarch relationships: A modified anterior Bolton analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;156(6):727-34. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Olsson M, Lindhe J, Marinello CP. On the relationship between crown form and clinical features of the gingiva in adolescents. J Clin Periodontol. 1993;20(8):570-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Magne P, Gallucci GO, Belser UC. Anatomic crown width/length ratios of unworn and worn maxillary teeth in white subjects. J Prosthet Dent. 2003;89(5):453-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Sterrett JD, Oliver T, Robinson F, Fortson W, Knaak B, Russell CM. Width/length ratios of normal clinical crowns of the maxillary anterior dentition in man. J Clin Periodontol. 1999;26(3):153-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Wolfart S, Thormann H, Freitag S, Kern M. Assessment of dental appearance following changes in incisor proportions. Eur J Oral Sci. 2005;113(2):159-65. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Chu SJ, Hochman MN. A biometric approach to aesthetic crown lengthening: part I--midfacial considerations. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent. 2008;20(1):17-24; quiz 26. [PubMed] 
  19. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149-60. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Mootha A, Jaiswal S. Evaluation of maxillary anterior teeth and their relation to the various geometric proportions in Indian population sample. J Interdiscip Dentistry. 2018;8(2):62-7. [Crossref] 
  21. Frost NA, Mealey BL, Jones AA, Huynh-Ba G. Periodontal biotype: gingival thickness as ıt relates to probe visibility and buccal plate thickness. J Periodontol. 2015;86(10):1141-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. da Costa FA, Perussolo J, Dias DR, Araújo MG. Identification of thin and thick gingival phenotypes by two transparency methods: A diagnostic accuracy study. J Periodontol. 2023;94(5):673-82. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Raj V. Esthetic paradigms in the interdisciplinary management of maxillary anterior dentition-a review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2013;25(5):295-304. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Chu SJ. Range and mean distribution frequency of individual tooth width of the maxillary anterior dentition. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent. 2007;19(4):209-15. [PubMed] 
  25. Graber LW,Vanarsdall RL, Vig KVL. Orthodontics. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2011.
  26. Wang Y, Song Y, Zhong Q, Xu C. Evaluation of influence factors on the width, length, and width to length ratio of the maxillary central incisor: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;33(2):351-63. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Garber DA, Salama MA. The aesthetic smile: diagnosis and treatment. Periodontol 2000. 1996;11:18-28. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Cooper GE, Tredwin CJ, Cooper NT, Petrie A, Gill DS. The influence of maxillary central incisor height-to-width ratio on perceived smile aesthetics. Br Dent J. 2012;212(12):589-99. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. George S, Bhat V. Inner canthal distance and golden proportion as predictors of maxillary central incisor width in south Indian population. Indian J Dent Res. 2010;21(4):491-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Orozco-Varo A, Arroyo-Cruz G, Martínez-de-Fuentes R, Jiménez-Castellanos E. Biometric analysis of the clinical crown and the width/length ratio in the maxillary anterior region. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;113(6):565-70.e2. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Sah SK, Zhang HD, Chang T, Dhungana M, Acharya L, Chen LL, et al. Maxillary anterior teeth dimensions and proportions in a central mainland chinese population. Chin J Dent Res. 2014;17(2):117-24. [PubMed] 
  32. Wagh SA, Mantri SS, Bhasin A. Evaluation of maxillary anterior teeth proportion with Chu's Gauge in a population of Central India: an in vivo study. Med Pharm Rep. 2020;93(1):75-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. To TN, Rabie AB, Wong RW, McGrath CP. The adjunct effectiveness of diode laser gingivectomy in maintaining periodontal health during orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(1):43-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  34. Sobouti F, Rakhshan V, Chiniforush N, Khatami M. Effects of laser-assisted cosmetic smile lift gingivectomy on postoperative bleeding and pain in fixed orthodontic patients: a controlled clinical trial. Prog Orthod. 2014;15(1):66. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  35. Nautiyal A, Gujjari S, Kumar V. Aesthetic crown lengthening using chu aesthetic gauges and evaluation of biologic width healing. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(1):ZC51-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com