Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Comorbidities and Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in North-Eastern Iran
COVID-19 Enfekte Hastalarda Eşzamanlı Hastalık ve Ölüm Riski: Kuzeydoğu İran'da Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Mohammadtaghi SHAKERIa, Parham AHMADIb, Ghazaleh GHORBANNEZHADb, Amirreza NASIRZADEHc, Samaneh ABOLBASHARId, Seyed Masoud SADATIe, Maryam SALARIa
aDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
bStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
cStudent Research Committee, Nursing and Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
dAntimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
eCenter of Statistic and Information Technology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2023;43(1):29-39
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2022-91119
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, started in Wuhan, China, and was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. In Iran, the first confirmed COVID-19 case was officially reported on February 19. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and comorbid conditions, and determine risk factors for the mortality of COVID-19 patients as well as provide a comparison of the epidemiological features between the 3 waves of COVID-19 in the North-East of Iran from January 21, 2020, to March 20, 2021. Material and Methods: The current retrospective epidemiological population-based study was conducted on COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the hospitals affiliated to the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Razavi-Khorasan province, Iran. The data were extracted from the Medical Care Monitoring System of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Results: In total, 43.6% of subjects had at least one coexisting underlying medical condition. The most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases with the prevalence of 19.7, 15.1, and 13.3%; respectively. The overall case fatality rate was 15.0%, following a median of 4 days [interquartile range (IQR) 1-10] of hospitalization. The mean±SD and the median (IQR) of age in expired subjects were 67.40±18.27 and 70 (59-81) years; respectively. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that age >60, male sex, loss of consciousness, respiratory distress, having at least one comorbidity, and diabetes were mortality risk factors among COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: COVID-19; comorbidity; mortality; Iran
ÖZET
 Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19)'a, yeni şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs 2 sebep olmuş, Wuhan, Çin'de başlamış ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi olarak tanınmıştır. İran'da, onaylanmış ilk COVID-19 vakası resmi olarak 19 Şubat'ta bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; COVID-19'un epidemiyolojik ve klinik özelliklerini, eşzamanlı hastalık koşullarını ve COVID-19 hastalarının ölüm risk faktörlerini belirlemenin yanı sıra Kuzeydoğu İran'da 21 Ocak 2020'den 20 Mart 2021'e kadar olan 3 COVID-19 dalgasının epidemiyolojik özelliklerini karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Mevcut retrosprektif epidemiyolojik popülasyon bazlı çalışma, İran, Khorasan İli'nde Mashhad Üniversitesi Tıbbi Bilimle'e bağlı hastanelere başvuran COVID-19 hastaları üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Veriler, Mashhad Üniversitesi Tıbbi Bilimler, Tıbbi Bakım İzleme Sistemi'nden alınmıştır. Bulgular: Toplamda, hastaların %43,6'sının aynı zamanda altta yatan en az bir tıbbi durumu mevcuttu. En yaygın eşzamanlı hastalıklar, hipertansiyon, diyabet ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar olup yaygınlık oranları sırasıyla %19,7, 15,1 ve 13,3'tü. Ortalama 4 günlük [çeyrekler arası aralık (ÇAA) 1-10] hastaneye yatışın ardından toplam vaka ölüm oranı %15,0'dı. Ölen hastaların yaş ortalaması±SS 67,40±18,27 ve medyanı (ÇAA) 70 (59-81) idi. Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız, COVID-19 hastalarının ölüm risk faktörleri arasında yaşın 60'tan ileri olması, cinsiyetin erkek olması, bilinç kaybı, solunum problemleri, en az bir eşzamanlı hastalık ve diyabet olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; eşzamanlı hastalık; ölüm; İran
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