Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Color Stability of Preheated Novel Composite Resins Immersed in Different Beverages: In Vitro Study
Farklı İçeceklerde Bekletilen Ön-Isıtma Uygulanmış Güncel Kompozit Rezinlerin Renk Stabilitesi: İn Vitro Çalışma
Özge Gizem CABADAĞa, Tuğba MİSİLLİb
aDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Pamukkale University Faculty of Dentistry, Denizli, Türkiye
bDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2022;28(2):434-41
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2021-84418
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
Objective: To examine the color stability of 3 preheated composite resins immersed in different beverages for 1, 7, and 30 days. Material and Methods: Ninety disc-shaped specimens were prepared, 30 specimens from each of three different restorative materials [GrandioSO (GSO), GrandioSO x-tra (GSX), VisCalor bulk (VCB)], using 8-mm diameter and 4-mm thickness molds. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (n=10) to be immersed into beverages (red wine, coffee, and distilled water). The color change values [CIEDE2000 (ΔE00)] were calculated at the end of the 1st, 7th, and 30th days. Generalized linear models and multiple comparison tests with Bonferroni correction at a significance level of p<0.05 were performed for the comparisons of ΔE00 values. Results: Among all composite and immersion media combinations, at the end of 30 days, the most prominent color change values were observed in the GSX group immersed in coffee and red wine and the VCB group immersed in red wine. For all composite groups, the lowest color change values were measured after immersion in distilled water in all evaluation periods. All composite groups immersed in red wine showed the color change from the 1st day, while those exposed to coffee from the 7th day, above the clinically acceptable values. Conclusion: The color change values of preheated resin-based composites kept in coffee and red wine were affected by the properties of the immersion solution and storage times rather than the type of the material.

Keywords: Composite resin; CIEDE2000; color stability; dental materials; preheating
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışma, 1, 7 ve 30 gün boyunca farklı içeceklerde bekletilen ön-ısıtma uygulanmış 3 farklı kompozit rezinin renk stabilitelerini incelemektedir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Üç farklı restoratif materyalin [GrandioSO (GSO), GrandioSO x-tra (GSX), VisCalor bulk (VCB)] her birinden 30 örnek olmak üzere, 8×4 mm kalıplar kullanılarak 90 adet disk şeklinde örnek hazırlandı. Her bir grup, 3 farklı içecekte (kırmızı şarap, kahve ve distile su) bekletilmek üzere alt gruplara ayrıldı (n=10). Renk değişim değerleri [CIEDE2000 (ΔE00)] 1, 7 ve 30. günlerin sonunda hesaplandı. ΔE00 değerlerinin karşılaştırılmasında p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde genelleştirilmiş lineer modeller yöntemi ve çoklu karşılaştırmalar için Bonferroni düzeltmesi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Otuz günün sonunda, tüm kompozit ve bekletme ortamı kombinasyonları arasında en belirgin renk değişim değerleri, kahve ve kırmızı şarapta bekletilen GSX ile kırmızı şarapta bekletilen VCB gruplarında gözlemlendi. Tüm kompozit grupları için en düşük renk değişim değerleri, tüm değerlendirme periyotlarında distile suda bekletme sonrasında ölçüldü. Tüm kompozit grupları için kırmızı şarapta bekletme 1. günden itibaren klinik olarak kabul edilebilir düzeyin üzerinde renk değişimine neden olurken, bu durum kahveye maruz kalan örneklerde 7. günden itibaren geçerliydi. Sonuç: Kahve ve kırmızı şarapta bekletilen ön-ısıtma uygulanmış rezin bazlı kompozitlerin renk değişim değerleri, materyalin tipinden çok bekletilen solüsyonun özellikleri ve bekletilme sürelerinden etkilenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kompozit rezin; CIEDE2000; renk stabilitesi; dental materyaller; ön-ısıtma
REFERENCES:
  1. Ozkanoglu S, G Akin EG. Evaluation of the effect of various beverages on the color stability and microhardness of restorative materials. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23(3):322-8. [PubMed] 
  2. Darabi F, Seyed-Monir A, Mihandoust S, Maleki D. The effect of preheating of composite resin on its color stability after immersion in tea and coffee solutions: An in-vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019;11(12):e1151-e6. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  3. Ardu S, Duc O, Di Bella E, Krejci I, Daher R. Color stability of different composite resins after polishing. Odontology. 2018;106(3):328-33. Erratum in: Odontology. 2018. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Aydın N, Karaoğlanoğlu S, Oktay EA, Kılıçarslan MA. Investigating the color changes on resin-based CAD/CAM Blocks. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020;32(2):251-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Barutcigil Ç, Barutcigil K, Özarslan MM, Dündar A, Yilmaz B. Color of bulk-fill composite resin restorative materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018;30(2):E3-E8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Quek SHQ, Yap AUJ, Rosa V, Tan KBC, Teoh KH. Effect of staining beverages on color and translucency of CAD/CAM composites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018;30(2):E9-E17. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Llena C, Fernández S, Forner L. Color stability of nanohybrid resin-based composites, ormocers and compomers. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(4):1071-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Eren MM. Effects of sports drinks on color stability of nanofilled and microhybrid composites after long-term immersion. J Dent. 2012;40 Suppl 2:e55-63. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Backes CN, FranÇa FMG, Turssi CP, Amaral FLBD, Basting RT. Color stability of a bulk-fill composite resin light-cured at different distances. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34:e119. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Zhao X, Zanetti F, Wang L, Pan J, Majeed S, Malmstrom H, et al. Effects of different discoloration challenges and whitening treatments on dental hard tissues and composite resin restorations. J Dent. 2019;89:103182. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Ribeiro JS, Peralta SL, Salgado VE, Lund RG. In situ evaluation of color stability and hardness' decrease of resin-based composites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2017;29(5):356-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Lopes LCP, Terada RSS, Tsuzuki FM, Giannini M, Hirata R. Heating and preheating of dental restorative materials-a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(12):4225-35. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Yang J, Silikas N, Watts DC. Pre-heating time and exposure duration: effects on post-irradiation properties of a thermo-viscous resin-composite. Dent Mater. 2020;36(6):787-93. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Deb S, Di Silvio L, Mackler HE, Millar BJ. Pre-warming of dental composites. Dent Mater. 2011;27(4):e51-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Arocha MA, Basilio J, Llopis J, Di Bella E, Roig M, Ardu S, et al. Colour stainability of indirect CAD-CAM processed composites vs. conventionally laboratory processed composites after immersion in staining solutions. J Dent. 2014;42(7):831-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Ertaş E, Güler AU, Yücel AC, Köprülü H, Güler E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dent Mater J. 2006;25(2):371-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Nogueira AD, Della Bona A. The effect of a coupling medium on color and translucency of CAD-CAM ceramics. J Dent. 2013;41 Suppl 3:e18-23. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Sharma G, Wu W, Dalal EN. The CIEDE2000 color‐difference formula: Implementation notes, supplementary test data, and mathematical observations. Color Res Appl. 2005;30(1):21-30. [Crossref] 
  19. Perez Mdel M, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Ionescu AM, Pomares H, Pulgar R, et al. Dental ceramics: a CIEDE2000 acceptability thresholds for lightness, chroma and hue differences. J Dent. 2011;39 Suppl 3:e37-44. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Bona AD, Igiel C, Linninger M, et al. Color difference thresholds in dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2015;27 Suppl 1:S1-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Taşın S, Celik G, İsmatullaev A, Usumez A. The effect of artificial accelerated aging on the color stability, microhardness, and surface roughness of different dental laminate veneer materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Ghinea R, Pérez MM, Herrera LJ, Rivas MJ, Yebra A, Paravina RD. Color difference thresholds in dental ceramics. J Dent. 2010;38 Suppl 2:e57-64. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Pérez MM, Herrera LJ, Carrillo F, Pecho OE, Dudea D, Gasparik C, et al. Whiteness difference thresholds in dentistry. Dent Mater. 2019;35(2):292-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Paravina RD, Pérez MM, Ghinea R. Acceptability and perceptibility thresholds in dentistry: A comprehensive review of clinical and research applications. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31(2):103-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Alkhadim YK, Hulbah MJ, Nassar HM. Color shift, color stability, and post-polishing surface roughness of esthetic resin composites. Materials (Basel). 2020;13(6):1376. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  26. Lago M, Mozzaquatro LR, Rodrigues C, Kaizer MR, Mallmann A, Jacques LB. Influence of bleaching agents on color and translucency of aged resin composites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2017;29(5):368-77. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Patel SB, Gordan VV, Barrett AA, Shen C. The effect of surface finishing and storage solutions on the color stability of resin-based composites. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(5):587-94; quiz 654. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Ardu S, Duc O, Di Bella E, Krejci I. Color stability of recent composite resins. Odontology. 2017;105(1):29-35. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Bagheri R, Burrow MF, Tyas M. Influence of food-simulating solutions and surface finish on susceptibility to staining of aesthetic restorative materials. J Dent. 2005;33(5):389-98. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Ardu S, Braut V, Gutemberg D, Krejci I, Dietschi D, Feilzer AJ. A long-term laboratory test on staining susceptibility of esthetic composite resin materials. Quintessence Int. 2010;41(8):695-702. [PubMed] 
  31. Albuquerque PP, Moreira AD, Moraes RR, Cavalcante LM, Schneider LF. Color stability, conversion, water sorption and solubility of dental composites formulated with different photoinitiator systems. J Dent. 2013;41 Suppl 3:e67-72. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Gugelmin BP, Miguel LCM, Baratto Filho F, Cunha LFD, Correr GM, Gonzaga CC. Color stability of ceramic veneers luted with resin cements and pre-heated composites: 12 months follow-up. Braz Dent J. 2020;31(1):69-77. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Domingos PA, Garcia PP, Oliveira AL, Palma-Dibb RG. Composite resin color stability: influence of light sources and immersion media. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19(3):204-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  34. Schneider LFJ, Ribeiro RB, Liberato WF, Salgado VE, Moraes RR, Cavalcante LM. Curing potential and color stability of different resin-based luting materials. Dent Mater. 2020;36(10):e309-e315. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Mundim FM, Garcia Lda F, Cruvinel DR, Lima FA, Bachmann L, Pires-de-Souza Fde C. Color stability, opacity and degree of conversion of pre-heated composites. J Dent. 2011;39 Suppl 1:e25-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com