Childhood Interstitial Lung Diseases

Çocukluk Çağı İnterstisyel Akciğer Hastalıklarında Tanı: Radyolojinin Yeri
Diagnosis in Childhood Interstitial Lung Diseases: The Role of Radiology
Roya DAMİROVAa , Meryem Elif ÖZBUDAKa , İsmail AKDULUMb
aGazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Radyoloji AD, Ankara, Türkiye
bGazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Radyolojisi BD, Ankara, Türkiye
Damirova R, Özbudak ME, Akdulum İ. Çocukluk çağı interstisyel akciğer hastalıklarında tanı: Radyolojinin yeri. Ramaslı Gürsoy T, editör. Çocukluk Çağı İnterstisyel Akciğer Hastalıkları. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.26-31.
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Çocukluk çağı interstisyel akciğer hastalıkları (chILD), nadir görülen ve farklı alt gruplara ayrılan heterojen bir akciğer hastalığıdır. Tanı koyma süreci zorludur ve doğru tanı, kapsamlı bir araştırma ile mümkün olabilir. Özellikle bebeklerde ve küçük çocuklarda daha yaygındır ve sıklıkla genetik ya da gelişimsel bozukluklarla ilişkilidir. Amerikan Toraks Derneği'nin kılavuzları, iki yaşından küçük çocuklarda tanı koyulmadan önce diğer yaygın akciğer hastalıklarının dışlanmasını önermektedir. ChILD tanısında akciğer grafisi başlangıç için kullanışlıdır ancak sınırlı bilgi verir, bu yüzden çoğunlukla bilgisayarlı tomografiye (BT) ihtiyaç duyulur. BT, hastalığın yaygınlığı ve karakteristik özelliklerini belirlemede önemli bir araçtır ve biyopsi için uygun bölgeyi tespit etmeye yardımcı olur. Görüntüleme yöntemleri arasında BT, interstisyel akciğer hastalıklarının değerlendirilmesinde en yaygın kullanılan tekniktir. Ayrıca, BT ile solunum hareketlerini en aza indiren gelişmiş teknolojiler, tanıda daha net sonuçlar elde etmeyi sağlamaktadır. Hastalıkların radyolojik görünümlerine göre sınıflandırılması daha pratiktir. ChILD genellikle akciğer hacmi, buzlu cam opasiteleri ve kist varlığına göre değerlendirilen bir algoritma ile incelenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bebeklerde akciğer hacmi; bilgisayarlı tomografi; çocukluk çağı interstisyel akciğer hastalığı; pulmoner hipoplazi; sürfaktan disfonksiyon bozuklukları
ABSTRACT
Childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILD) is a rare and heterogeneous lung disease divided into different subgroups. The diagnostic process is challenging and accurate diagnosis can only be achieved with a comprehensive examination. It is more common in infants and young children and is often associated with genetic or developmental disorders. The American Thoracic Society's guidelines recommend that other common lung diseases be excluded before making a diagnosis in children younger than two years of age. Chest radiography is useful for the initial diagnosis of chILD, but it provides limited information, so computed tomography (CT) is often needed. CT is an important tool in determining the extent and characteristics of the disease and helps to identify the appropriate area for biopsy. Among imaging methods, CT is the most widely used technique in the evaluation of interstitial lung diseases. In addition, advanced technologies that minimize respiratory movements with CT provide clearer results in diagnosis. It is more practical to classify diseases according to their radiological appearances. ChILD diseases can usually be examined with an algorithm that evaluates lung volume, ground-glass opacities and the presence of cysts.

Keywords: Lung volume in infants; computed tomography; childhood interstitial lung disease; pulmonary hypoplasia; surfactant dysfunction disorders

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