Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: REVIEW
Çocuklarda Maloklüzyon ve Ortodontik Tedavi İhtiyacı
Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need in Children
Esra ÖZa, Çiğdem KÜÇÜKEŞMENa
aÇocuk Diş Hekimliği AD, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Isparta, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2019;25(2):193-200
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2017-58400
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Maloklüzyon; yaşamı tehdit etmemesine rağmen, görülme sıklığı ve tedavi olanakları nedeni ile, önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çocuklarda maloklüzyonun etiyolojik faktörlerinin bilinmesi, erken dönemde müdahale edilip edilemeyeceğine karar verilmesini sağlamaya yardımcı olmaktadır. Maloklüzyon prevalansının belirlenmesi ise belirli bir topluluğun oklüzal özelliklerinin dağılımını, ortodontik tedavi ihtiyaçlarını ve önceliklerini değerlendirmek için önemlidir. Estetiğe karşı artan ilgiyle birlikte, maloklüzyonlara karşı gittikçe artan algının da bir sonucu olarak, çocukların ortodontik tedavi ihtiyaçlarında belirgin bir artış olduğu gözlenmektedir. Çocuklardaki ortodontik tedavi ihtiyacı; kendi algısı, sosyal çevresi, ebeveynlerinin sosyoekonomik ve eğitim durumları gibi birçok faktöre göre değişebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, maloklüzyonun etiyolojik faktörlerinin, çocuklardaki maloklüzyon prevalansının ve ortodontik tedavi ihtiyacının incelenmesi, ortodontik tedavi ihtiyacının hastaların diş çürükleri, periodontal durumları, ailelerin sosyoekonomik durumları ve eğitim seviyeleri gibi çeşitli değişkenlerle ilişkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Estetik; maloklüzyon; ortodonti
ABSTRACT
Although malocclusion does not threaten life, it is considered an important public health problem because of its incidence and possibilities of treatment. Knowing the etiologic factors of malocclusion in children helps to decide whether or not to intervene in the early period. Determination of the prevalence of malocclusion is important to assess the distribution of occlusal characteristics of a particular community, its orthodontic treatment needs and priorities. Along with the growing interest towards aesthetics, it is observed that there is a significant increase in the demand for orthodontic treatment need for children as a result of the increasing incidence towards malocclusions. The orthodontic treatment need in children can be determined by many factors such as the patient's own sense, social environment, economic status, educational status. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the etiologic factors of malocclusion, the prevalence of malocclusion and the orthodontic treatment need in children, the relationship between orthodontic treatment needs and various variables such as dental caries, periodontal status, socioeconomic status and education levels of families.

Keywords: Esthetics; malocclusion; orthodontics
REFERENCES:
  1. World Health Organization (WHO). Basic Documents. 43 th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. p.184.
  2. World Health Organization (WHO). Oral Health Survey: Basic Method. 3rd ed. Geneva: Oral Health Unit; 1987. p.53.
  3. Mohanty P, Dany SS, Acharya SS, Sahoo N, Das SK. Pattern of malocclusion in orthodontic patients: a multi centre study. J Int Oral Health. 2016;8(12):1105-9.
  4. Patel Z, Habibullah I, Habibullah S. Genetics in orthodontics: a review. EJPMR. 2016;3(7): 539-45.
  5. Perillo L, Esposito M, Contiello M, Lucchese A, Santini AC, Carotenuto M. Occlusal traits in developmental dyslexia: a preliminary study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013;9:1231-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
  6. Lambourne C, Lampasso J, Buchanan WC Jr, Dunford R, McCall W. Malocclusion as a risk factor in the etiology of headaches in children and adolescents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132(6):754-61. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. Komazaki Y, Fujiwara T, Ogawa T, Sato M, Suzuki K, Yamagata Z, et al. Association between malocclusion and headache among 12to 15-year-old adolescents: a populationbased study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2014;42(6):572-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. Mtaya M, Brudvik P, Astrøm AN. Prevalence of malocclusion and its relationship with sociodemographic factors, dental caries, and oral hygiene in 12 to 14 year old Tanzanian school children. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31(5):467-76. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. Gelgör IE, Karaman AI, Ercan E. Prevalence of malocclusion among adolescents in central anatolia. Eur J Dent. 2007;1(3):125-31.
  10. Öztunç H, Haytaç MC, Özmeriç N, Uzel İ. [The evaluation of oral health status of 6-11-yearsold children in Adana]. GÜ Dişhek Fak Derg. 2000;17(2):1-6.
  11. Altun C, Güven G, Başak F, Akbulut E. [Evaluation of children in the age group of 6 to 11 with respect to oral-dental health]. Gülhane Tıp Derg. 2005;47:114-8.
  12. Sayin MO, Türkkahraman H. Malocclusion and crowding in an orthodontically referred Turkish population. Angle Orthod. 2004;74(5): 635-9.
  13. Öztoprak M, İşman N, Tozlu M, Durduran S, Arun T. [Ortodontik tedavi ihtiyacı olan hastaların coğrafik bilgilendirme sistemi ile bölgelere göre dağılımının incelenmesi]. 7tepe Klinik. 2011;3(1):31-6.
  14. Oden F, Bekar E, Bıcakcı AA. [Evaluation of malocclusion and crowding in under orthodontic treatment]. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2015;18(3):257-64.
  15. Oliveira PG, Tavares RR, Freitas JC. Assessment of motivation, expectations and satisfaction of adult patients submitted to orthodontic treatment. Dental Press J Orthod. 2013;18(2):81-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. Filho LC, Aranha M, Ozawa TO, Cavassan AO. Orthodontic treatment in adults: restoring smile esthetics. Dental Press J Orthod. 2012; 17(5):53-63. [Crossref]
  17. Dinkova MM, Yordanova GR. Frequency and characteristics of malocclusion in adult patients. Compt Rend Acad Bulg Sci. 2015; 68(2):275-82.
  18. Singh SP, Utreja A, Chawla HS. Distribution of malocclusion types among thumb suckers seeking orthodontic treatment. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2008;26 Suppl 3:S114-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. Góis EG, Ribeiro-Júnior HC, Vale MP, Paiva SM, Serra-Negra JM, Ramos-Jorge ML, et al. Influence of nonnutritive sucking habits, breathing pattern and adenoid size on the development of malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2008;78(4):647-54. [Crossref]
  20. Keski-Nisula K, Lehto R, Lusa V, Keski-Nisula L, Varrela J. Occurrence of malocclusion and need of orthodontic treatment in early mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124(6):631-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. Peres KG, Peres MA, Thomson WM, Broadbent J, Hallal PC, Menezes AB. Deciduousdentition malocclusion predicts orthodontic treatment needs later: findings from a population-based birth cohort study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147(4):492-8.[Crossref] [PubMed]
  22. Oh H, Baumrind S, Korn EL, Dugoni S, Boero R, Aubert M, et al. A retrospective study of Class II mixed-dentition treatment. Angle Orthod. 2017;87(1):56-67. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  23. Woon SC, Thiruvenkatachari B. Early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;151(1):28-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  24. Pattanaik S, Mohammad N, Parida S, Sahoo SN. Treatment modalities for skeletal class III malocclusion: early to late treatment. IJSS Case Reports & Reviews. 2016;2(8):28-33. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
  25. Ngan P, Moon W. Evolution of class III treatment in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;148(1):22-36. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  26. Khanehmasjedi M, Bassir L, Haghighizade MH. Evaluation of orthodontic treatment needs using the dental aesthetic index in Iranian students. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013;15(10):e10536. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
  27. Abu Alhaija ES, Al-Wahadni AM. Relationship between tooth irregularity and periodontal disease in children with regular dental visits. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2006;30(4):296-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  28. Gaikwad SS, Gheware A, Kamatagi L, Pasumarthy S, Pawar V, Fatangare M. Dental caries and its relationship to malocclusion in permanent dentition among 12-15 year old school going children. J Int Oral Health. 2014;6(5):27-30.
  29. Hamamci N, Başaran G, Uysal E. Dental Aesthetic Index scores and perception of personal dental appearance among Turkish university students. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31(2):168-73.[Crossref] [PubMed]
  30. Nalcaci R, Demirer S, Ozturk F, Altan BA, Sokucu O, Bostanci V. The relationship of orthodontic treatment need with periodontal status, dental caries, and sociodemographic factors. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012: 498012. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
  31. Uçüncü N, Ertugay E. The use of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) in a school population and referred population. J Orthod. 2001;28(1):45-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  32. Nur RB, Ilhan D, Fisekcioglu E, Oktay I, Arun T. Total and interregional differences of the need for orthodontic treatment in Turkey: epidemiologic surveillance analysis. Turkish J Orthod. 2014;27:1-8. [Crossref]
  33. Kılıçoğlu H. [Assessment of orthodontic treatmen need and severiyt of malocclusion in school children aged 7 to 12 years]. Türk Ortodonti Derg. 2004;17(2):183-8.
  34. Yetkiner E, Vardar C, Ergin E, Yucel C, Ersin N. Orthodontic treatment need, self-esteem, and oral health-related quality of life assessment of primary schoolchildren: a cross-sectional pilot study. Turkish J Orthod. 2014;26:182-9. [Crossref]
  35. Önçağ G, Doğan S, Aras I, Topçu O, Işıksal E. [The perception difference of orthodontic malloclusions among orthodontists, dental students and other members of the society in turkish population]. E.Ü Dişhek Fak Derg. 2009;30:105-14.
  36. Koch G, Poulsen S. Pediatric Dentistry: A Clinical Approach. 1st ed. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 2001. p.484.
  37. Pokorná H, Marek I, Kucera J, Hanzelka T. Space reduction after premature loss of a deciduous second molar-retrospective study. IOSR-JDMS. 2016;15(2):1-8.
  38. Bayardo RE. Anterior space maintainer and regainer. ASDC J Dent Child. 1986;53(6):4525.
  39. Peres KG, Frazão P, Roncalli AG. [Epidemiological pattern of severe malocclusions in Brazilian adolescents]. Rev Saude Publica. 2013;47 Suppl 3:109-17. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  40. Borzabadi-Farahani A, Eslamipour F, Asgari I. Association between orthodontic treatment need and caries experience. Acta Odontol Scand. 2011;69(1):2-11. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  41. Almeida AB, Leite IC, Melgaço CA, Marques LS. Dissatisfaction with dentofacial appearance and the normative need for orthodontic treatment: determinant factors. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014;19(3):120-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
  42. Bollen AM. Effects of malocclusions and orthodontics on periodontal health: evidence from a systematic review. J Dent Educ. 2008;72(8):912-8.
  43. Gábris K, Márton S, Madléna M. Prevalence of malocclusions in Hungarian adolescents. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28(5):467-70. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  44. Gusmᾶ o ES, Queiroz RDC, Souza CR, Cimoes R, Santos RL. Association between malpositioned teeth and periodontal disease. Dental Press J Orthod. 2011;16(4):87-94.[Crossref]
  45. Pugaca J, Urtane I, Liepa A, Laurina Z. The relationship between the severity of malposition of the frontal teeth and periodontal health in age 15-21 and 35-44. Stomatologija. 2007;9(3):86-90.
  46. Brito DI, Dias PF, Gleiser R. Prevalence of malocclusion in children aged 9 to 12 years old in the city of Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial. 2009;14(6):118-24. [Crossref]
  47. Kukletova M, Izakovicova Holla L, Musilova K, Broukal Z, Kukla L. Relationship between gingivitis severity, caries experience and orthodontic anomalies in 13-15 year-old adolescents in Brno, Czech Republic. Community Dent Health. 2012;29(2):179-83.
  48. Nuca C, Amariei C, Badea V, Jipa I. Relationships between Constanta (Romania) 12-yearold children?s oral health status and their parents? socioeconomic status, oral health knowledge and attitudes. OHDMBSC. 2009;8(4):44-52.
  49. Vedovello SA, Ambrosano GM, Pereira AC, Valdrighi HC, Filho MV, Meneghim Mde C. Association between malocclusion and the contextual factors of quality of life and socioeconomic status. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;150(1):58-63. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  50. Doğan AA, Sari E, Uskun E, Sağlam AM. Comparison of orthodontic treatment need by professionals and parents with different sociodemographic characteristics. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32(6):672-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
  51. Badran SA, Sabrah AH, Hadidi SA, Al-Khateeb S. Effect of socioeconomic status on normative and perceived orthodontic treatment need. Angle Orthod. 2014;84(4):588-93.[Crossref] [PubMed]
  52. Roopa S, Rani MS. Prevalence of malocclusion in school children of Karnataka based on the socio-economic backgrounds: a crosssectional survey. Int J Sci Res. 2013;2(9):2003.
  53. Zreaqat M, Hassan R, Ismail AR, Ismail NM, Aziz FA. Orthodontic treatment need and demand among 12and 16 year-old school children in Malaysia. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2013;12(4):217-21.
  54. Jordão LM, Vasconcelos DN, Moreİra Rda S, Freire Mdo C. Individual and contextual determinants of malocclusion in 12-year-old schoolchildren in a Brazilian city. Braz Oral Res. 2015;29(1):1-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com