Diyabetik Ayak Problemleri, Enfeksiyonlar ve Charcot Noroosteoartropatisi

Charcot Nöroosteoartropatisi
Charcot Neuroosteoarthropathy
Mahmut MUTLUa, Emre YURDAKULb
aBeykent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bSystem Hospital, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Bölümü, Kayseri, TÜRKİYE
Mutlu M, Yurdakul E. Charcot nöroosteoartropatisi. Mutlu M, Ertuğrul MB, editörler. Diyabetik Ayak Problemleri, Enfeksiyonlar ve Charcot Nöroosteoartropatisi. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2020. p.55-8.
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Charcot artropatisi, birçok hastalıkla birlikte seyredebilen kronik, ilerleyici ve destrüktif bir eklem hastalığıdır. Özellikle diabetes mellitus (DM) ile birlikte görülmektedir. Daha çok ayak eklemlerini ve ayak bileğini tutan bu hastalık genellikle erişkin hastalarda görülür. En sık diyabetik hastalarda komplikasyon olarak görülmekle beraber, enfeksiyon, kronik alkol kullanımı, syringomyeli gibi altta yatan hastalıklar ile ilişkili olarak tanımlanmış olgular da bulunmaktadır. Hastalığın erken dönemlerinde, hastalar ayakta şekil bozukluğu ve şişlik hissederler. Hastalığın ilerlemesi ile kliniğe, ayakta ısı artışı ve ağrı ilave olur. Bu durum, erken evrede tanı koymayı zorlaştırır, geciktirir ve uygun olmayan bir tedaviye başlanmasına sebep olabilir. Geç evrelerde ciltte ülserler, kemiksel çıkıntılar ve ayağın anatomik şeklini ve işlevini bozan eklem instabiliteleri ortaya çıkar. Erken dönemde tanı koymak ise , tedavi başarısını artırmaktadır. Amaç, hastalığın seyri boyunca meydana gelecek yumuşak doku problemlerini ve kemik deformitelerini önlemek ve tedavi sonunda yere taban temasını düzgün yapabilen, stabil bir ayak elde etmektir. Konservatif tedavi yöntemleri ile çoğunlukla yüz güldürücü sonuçlar alınmaktadır. Hastalığın değişik dönemlerinde, istirahat, seri alçılama ve ortez uygulamaları yapılır. Takiplerde hastalara özel yapım ayakkabılar kullanılabilir. Konservatif tedaviden sonuç alınamadığı durumlarda cerrahi yöntemlere başvurulur. Ülser ve enfeksiyonun eşlik ettiği hastalarda debridman, normal olmayan kemik çıkıntıların bulunduğu ayaklarda bu çıkıntıların (ekzostoz) çıkarılması, deformitenin ileri düzeyde olduğu olgularda ise düzeltme ve artrodez seçenekleri kullanılabilmektedir. Hastalığın seyri yavaş ilerlemektir. Tedavide çeşitli yöntem ve uygulamalar kullanılsa da iyileşmenin zaman alacağı, genel seyrin değişemeyeceği konularının hastaya doğru bir şekilde aktarılması ve tedaviye uyumu noktasında bilgilendirilmesi son derece önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Charcot ayak; artropati; eklem hastalıkları
ABSTRACT
Charcot arthropathy is a chronic, progressive and destructive joint disease that can progress with many diseases. It is especially seen with diabetes mellitus (DM). This disease, which mostly involves the joints and ankles, is usually seen in adult patients. Although it is most commonly seen as a complication in diabetic patients, there are also cases that have been described in association with underlying diseases such as infection, chronic alcohol use and syringomyelia. In the early stages of the disease, patients experience deformity and swelling in the foot. As the disease progresses, increased heat and pain are added to the disease. This complicates, delays, and leads to inappropriate treatment at an early stage. In late stages, ulcers of the skin, bony protrusions and joint instabilities that disrupt the anatomical shape and function of the foot appear. Early diagnosis increases the success of treatment. The aim is to prevent soft tissue problems and bone deformities that occur during the course of the disease and to obtain a stable foot that is able to properly touch the ground at the end of the treatment. Conservative treatment methods often provide good results. At various stages of the disease, having a rest, serial cast and orthotic applications are performed. Custom made shoes can be used for follow-up. If conservative treatment fails, surgical methods are used. In patients with ulcers and infections, debridement, removal of exostosis of the feet with abnormal bone protrusions is used, while correction and arthrodesis options can be used in cases with advanced deformity. The course of the disease is to progress slowly. Although various methods and applications are used in the treatment, it is very important to accurately inform the patient about the time to recover, unchangeable general course and to inform them about the compliance with the treatment.

Keywords: Charcot foot; arthropathy; joint diseases

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