Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

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Çalışan Kadınlarda Emzirme: Emzirmenin Başlatılması ve Sürdürülmesini Etkileyen Faktörler, Emzirme Politikaları
Breastfeeding in Women Working: Factors Affecting the Initiation and Continuation of Breastfeeding, Breastfeeding Policies
Havva YEŞİLDERE SAĞLAMa, Nebahat ÖZERDOĞANb, Elif GÜRSOYa
aEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları ABD, Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
bEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ebelik Bölümü, Eskişehir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2020;5(2):338-44
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2019-70141
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Emzirmenin anne ve bebek sağlığı için yararları, tüm dünya ülkelerinde evrensel olarak kabul edilen bir gerçekliktir. Ancak bu gerçekliğe rağmen emzirme oranları istenilen düzeyin altında kalmaktadır. Bu durumun en önemli nedenlerinden birini de annenin çalışma yaşamına ilişkin koşullar oluşturmaktadır. Kadınların iş gücüne katılımının artması, emzirme oranlarındaki düşmenin nedeni olarak görülmektedir. Doğum sonu dönemde çalışmaya dönen annelerin çoğu, yeterli zamana sahip olamadıkları, bebeklerini emziremedikleri, sütlerini sağamadıkları ve sağdıkları sütleri saklayacak bir yerleri olmadığı için emzirmeyi bırakmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün emzirme ile ilgili önerilerini gerçekleştirebilmek için kadınların, evde ve işte emzirmeyi koruyan ve teşvik eden destekleyici ortama ihtiyaçları bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle ülke yasalarında ve iş yerlerinde emzirmeyi destekleyecek politikaların oluşturulması ve uygulanması önemlidir. Çalışan kadınlar için doğum sonu yeterli ücretli annelik izninin verilmesi, iş yerlerinde esnek çalışma programlarının sağlanması, iş yerlerinde emzirmenin desteklenmesine yönelik fiziksel ve çevresel koşulların sağlanarak emzirme programlarının oluşturulması ve uygulanması emzirme oranlarını artıracaktır. Emzirmenin desteklenmesi, hem anne hem de işveren için verimliliği de artıran bir uygulamadır. Emzirmeyi teşvik eden politikaların uygulanması, aynı zamanda kadın ve çocukların güçlendirilmesi ve toplumun gelişmesi için de katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu derleme, çalışan annelerde emzirmenin başlatılması ve sürdürülmesini etkileyen faktörlerin ve emzirme politikalarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kadınlar; çalışan; emzirme; politika
ABSTRACT
 The benefits of breastfeeding for maternal and infant health are universally accepted in all countries of the world. However, breastfeeding rates remain below the desired level despite this reality. One of the most important reasons for this situation is the conditions for working life of the mother. Increasing women's labor force participation is seen as the reason for the decrease in breastfeeding rates. Most of the mothers who returned to work after birth stopped breastfeeding because they did not have enough time, could not breastfeed their babies, milked their milk and had no place to store milk. To be able to make recommendations for breastfeeding, World Health Organization needs women's supportive environment that protects and promotes breastfeeding at home and at work. Therefore, it is important to establish and implement policies that will support breastfeeding in country laws and workplaces. For working women; Providing sufficient maternity leave, providing flexible working programs at workplaces, establishing and implementing breastfeeding programs by providing physical and environmental conditions to support breastfeeding in workplaces will increase breastfeeding rates. Supporting breastfeeding is an application that increases productivity for both mother and employer. The implementation of policies promoting breastfeeding will also contribute to the empowerment of women and children and the development of society. In this context, the compilation was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding in working mothers and breastfeeding policies.

Keywords: Women; working; breastfeeding; policy
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