Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

.: REVIEW
Belirteç Tabanlı Genetik Benzerlik Katsayıları
Marker Based Genetic Relatedness Coefficients
İsmet DOĞANa, Nurhan DOĞANa
aBiyoistatistik ve Tıbbi Bilişim AD, Afyon Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Afyon, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2019;39(3):328-35
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2019-65023
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 İki birey arasındaki benzerlik; populasyon genetiği, kantitatif genetik, davranışsal ekoloji ve sosyobiyoloji çalışmalarının merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bireyler arasındaki benzerlik katsayısı, bilinen bir soyağacından hesaplanabilmektedir. Ancak, soyağacı bilgilerinin yokluğunda bu katsayı genetik belirteçler kullanılarak tahmin edilmektedir. Başka bir deyişle genetik belirteçler, ataları bilinmeyen bireyler için benzerliğin tahmin edilmesine izin vermektedir. Birtakım tahmin ediciler kullanılarak genetik belirteç verisinden benzerlik tahmin edilebilmektedir. Bu tahmin ediciler, populasyondaki genetik yapının bilinmemesinden dolayı, çiftleşmelerin/evliliklerin büyük oranda rastgele olduğu şeklinde kritik bir varsayıma sahiptir. Ancak, gerçek dünyada populasyonlara ait genetik yapının oluşmasında rastgele olmayan çiftleşmelerin/evliliklerin de söz konusu olmasından dolayı bu varsayım sık sık ihlal edilmektedir. Genetik belirteçlerin hızla gelişmesi ile birçok tahmin etme yöntemi öne sürülmüştür. Farklı varsayımlar kullanılarak geliştirilen ve her biri farklı koşullar altında değişen etkinliklere sahip olan bir dizi tahmin edici bulunmaktadır. Bu tahmin edicilerden hiçbiri tek başına, tüm çalışmaların gerekliliklerini yerine getirememektedir. Populasyonun yapısına göre hangi yöntemin kullanılması gerektiğinin belirlenebilmesi için çok sayıda çalışma yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Lynch (1988), Li ve ark. (1993) ile Wang (2002) tarafından geliştirilen benzerlik indeksi, Queller ve Goodnight (1989) tarafından geliştirilen regresyon tabanlı tahmin yöntemi ile Lynch ve Ritland (1999) tarafından geliştirilen regresyon tabanlı moment tahmin yöntemi olarak bilinen dört farklı benzerlik yöntemini tanıtmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Moleküler belirteçler; genetik benzerlik; popülasyon genetiği
ABSTRACT
 Pairwise relatedness is central to studies of population genetics, quantitative genetics, behavioral ecology, and sociobiology. The relatedness coefficient between individuals can be calculated from a known pedigree. In the absence of pedigree information, this coefficient can be estimated by using genetic markers. In other words, genetic markers allow the estimation of relatedness for individuals with unknown ancestors. Relatedness can be estimated from genetic marker data using a number of estimators. These estimators, however, make the critical assumption of a large random mating population, since the genetic structures are unknown. The assumption is frequently violated in the real world where nonrandom mating usually lead to genetic structures. With the rapid development of genetic markers, quite a few estimation methods have been proposed. There are a number of estimators that have been developed using different assumptions, each with varying efficiencies under different conditions. A single estimator cannot fulfill the requirements of all studies. A large number of studies are required to determine which method should be used according to the structure of the population. The objective of this study is to introduce four different relatedness methods: the similarity index (Lynch, 1988; Li et al. 1993), and Wang (2002), a regression based estimator (Queller and Goodnight, 1989), and a regression based method of moments estimator (Lynch and Ritland, 1999).

Keywords: Molecular markers; genetic relatedness; population genetics
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