Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Behaviors and Levels of Well-Being of End-Period Renal Failure Patients Coping with the Changes Experienced with Peritoneal Dialysis: Descriptive Study
Son Dönem Böbrek Yetersizliği Hastalarının Periton Diyalizi ile Yaşadıkları Değişimlerle Başa Çıkma Davranışları ve İyi Oluşluk Düzeyleri: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Nurcan UZDİLa , Özlem CEYHANb , Nuray ŞİMŞEKa , Bülent TOKGÖZc
aErciyes University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Division of Mental Health and Disease Nursing, Kayseri, Türkiye
bErciyes University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Division of Internal Medicine Nursing, Kayseri, Türkiye
cErciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Diseases, Kayseri, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(2):524-33
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-98295
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This research was carried out descriptively and correlational to determine the stress-coping behaviors and spiritual well-being levels of patients who received peritoneal dialysis as a result of end-stage renal failure. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with 92 peritoneal dialysis patients who were treated in the adult peritoneal dialysis unit of a university in Türkiye, met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. The data of the study were collected using the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), an information form created to determine some socio-demographic and disease-related characteristics of peritoneal dialysis patients. Results: In the study, the mean SWBS score of peritoneal dialysis patients was 99.95±16.16, and a statistically significant and positive correlation was found between age and SWBS total score, transcendence, harmony with nature sub-dimension mean scores. It was observed that individuals who said that they could not cope with stress had lower SWBS scores. It was determined that patients who showed positive coping behaviors with their current situations had higher total and sub-dimension mean scores of spiritual well-being than others. Conclusion: It was determined that the spiritual well-being levels of peritoneal dialysis patients within the scope of the study were high, and positive coping behaviors increase as spiritual well-being increases.

Keywords: Coping; renal failure; peritoneal dialysis; spiritual well-being
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırma, son dönem böbrek yetersizliği sonucu periton diyalizi alan hastaların yaşadıkları değişimlere karşı stresle başa çıkma davranışlarını ve spiritüel iyi oluşluk düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel olarak yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma bir üniversitenin erişkin periton diyalizi ünitesinde tedavi gören, araştırmaya dâhil edilme kriterlerine uyan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 92 periton diyalizi hastası ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri; periton diyalizi hastalarının bazı sosyodemografik ve hastalıkla ilişkili özelliklerini belirlemeye yönelik oluşturulan bilgi formu, Spiritüel İyi Oluş Ölçeği (SİOÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada, periton diyalizi hastalarının SİOÖ puan ortalaması 99,95±16,16 olup, yaş ile SİOÖ toplam puan, aşkınlık, doğayla uyum alt boyut puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Stresle baş edemediğini söyleyen bireylerin SİOÖ puanlarının daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Var olan durumları ile olumlu başa çıkma davranışları gösteren hastaların spiritüel iyi oluş toplam ve alt boyut puan ortalamalarının diğerlerinden yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışma kapsamındaki periton diyalizi hastalarının spiritüel iyi oluş düzeylerinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu, spiritüel iyi oluş arttıkça olumlu başa çıkma davranışlarının arttığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Başa çıkma; böbrek yetersizliği; periton diyalizi; spiritüel iyi oluş
REFERENCES:
  1. Güngör Ö, Gök Oğuz E, Derici Ü. Renal Replasman Tedavileri Derlemeler. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Akademisyen Yayınevi; 2020.
  2. T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türk Halk Sağlığı Kurumu. Türkiye Böbrek Hastalıkları Önleme ve Kontrol Programı. Eylem Planı (2014-2017). Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2014. [Link] 
  3. Oren B, Enç N. Quality of life in chronic haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in Turkey and related factors. Int J Nurs Pract. 2013;19(6):547-56. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Tannor EK, Archer E, Kapembwa K, van Schalkwyk SC, Davids MR. Quality of life in patients on chronic dialysis in South Africa: a comparative mixed methods study. BMC Nephrol. 2017;18(1):4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Tong A, Lesmana B, Johnson DW, Wong G, Campbell D, Craig JC. The perspectives of adults living with peritoneal dialysis: thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013;61(6):873-88. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Eriksson M, Lindström B. Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale and the relation with health: a systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006;60(5):376-81. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  7. Duran S, Güngör E. Diyaliz hastalarının duygusal ve sosyal sorunlarının belirlenmesi [Determination of the emotional and social problems in dialysis patients]. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;41(2):59-63. [Link] 
  8. Krupski TL, Kwan L, Fink A, Sonn GA, Maliski S, Litwin MS. Spirituality influences health related quality of life in men with prostate cancer. Psychooncology. 2006;15(2):121-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Chatrung C, Sorajjakool S, Amnatsatsue K. Wellness and religious coping among thai individuals living with chronic kidney disease in southern California. J Relig Health. 2015;54(6):2198-211. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Solaimanizadeh F, Mohammadinia N, Solaimanizadeh L. The relationship between spiritual health and religious coping with death anxiety in the elderly. J Relig Health. 2020;59(4):1925-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Bravin AM, Trettene ADS, Andrade LGM, Popim RC. Benefits of spirituality and/or religiosity in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(2):541-51. English, Portuguese. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Mahdian Z, Ghafari M. The mediating role of psychological resilience, and social support on the relationship between spiritual well-being and hope in cancer patients. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2016;18(3):130-8. [Link] 
  13. Okhli A, Hojjati H, Sadeghloo A, Molaei A, Shahrabady S. The relationship between observing religious beliefs and suffering in hemodialysis patients. J Relig Health. 2022;61(3):2018-28. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Alradaydeh MF, Khalil AA. The association of spiritual well-being and depression among patients receiving hemodialysis. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2018;54(3):341-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Musa AS, Pevalin DJ, Al Khalaileh MAA. Spiritual well-being, depression, and stress among hemodialysis patients in jordan. J Holist Nurs. 2018;36(4):354-65. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Kao TW, Tsai DM, Wu KD, Shiah CJ, Hsieh BS, Chen WY. Impact of religious activity on depression and quality of life of chronic peritoneal dialysis patients in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2003;102(2):127-30. [PubMed] 
  17. Martínez BB, Custódio RP. Relationship between mental health and spiritual wellbeing among hemodialysis patients: a correlation study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2014;132(1):23-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  18. Tanyi RA, Werner JS. Women's experience of spirituality within end-stage renal disease and hemodialysis. Clin Nurs Res. 2008;17(1):32-49. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Patel SS, Shah VS, Peterson RA, Kimmel PL. Psychosocial variables, quality of life, and religious beliefs in ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40(5):1013-22. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Ekşi H, Kardaş S. Spiritual well-being: Scale development and validation. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling. 2017;2(1):73-88. [Crossref] 
  21. Mayers A. Introduction to Statistics and SPSS in Psychology. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson; 2013.
  22. Jesus NM, Souza GF, Mendes-Rodrigues C, Almeida Neto OP, Rodrigues DDM, Cunha CM. Quality of life of individuals with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. J Bras Nefrol. 2019;41(3):364-74. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Wang R, Tang C, Chen X, Zhu C, Feng W, Li P, Lu C. Poor sleep and reduced quality of life were associated with symptom distress in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016;14(1):125. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. Li JY, Cai JH, Lin JX, Yi CY, Tao LY, Cheng SZ, et al. A symptom assessment instrument for peritoneal dialysis patients: Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI). Chin J Blood Purificat. 2015;14(5):277-80. [Crossref] 
  25. Eren G. Hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastalarda semptomların ve yaşam kalitelerinin değerlendirilmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Manisa: Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi; 2019. [Erişim tarihi: 24.04.2021] [Link] 
  26. Baykan H, Yargic I. Depression, anxiety disorders, quality of life and stress coping strategies in hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni. 2012;22(2):167-76. [Crossref] 
  27. Stasiak CE, Bazan KS, Kuss RS, Schuinski AF, Baroni G. Prevalence of anxiety and depression and its comorbidities in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. J Bras Nefrol. 2014;36(3):325-31. English, Portuguese. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Karaca S, Çınar S, Bahçebaşı ZB. Hastaların perspektifinden: periton diyalizinin yaşama ve ruhsal belirtilere etkisi [The perspective from the patients: the effects of peritoneal dialysis on life and mental symptoms]. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2012;2(4):169-74. [Crossref] 
  29. Duran S, Avci D, Esim F. Association between spiritual well-being and resilience among turkish hemodialysis patients. J Relig Health. 2020;59(6):3097-109. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Worthington EL Jr, Hook JN, Davis DE, McDaniel MA. Religion and spirituality. J Clin Psychol. 2011;67(2):204-14. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Fradelos EC, Tsaras K, Tzavella F, Koukia E, Papathanasiou IV, Alikari V, et al. Clinical, social and demographics factors associated with spiritual wellbeing in end stage renal disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;987:77-88. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Kamya HA. Hardiness and spiritual well-being among social work students: implications for social work education. Journal of Social Work Education. 2000;36(2):231-40. [Crossref] 
  33. Pham TV, Beasley CM, Gagliardi JP, Koenig HG, Stanifer JW. Spirituality, coping, and resilience among rural residents living with chronic kidney disease. J Relig Health. 2020;59(6):2951-68. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Hill PC, Pargament KI. Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality. Implications for physical and mental health research. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):64-74. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Wilkinson JM, Barcus L, eds. Kapucu S, Akyar I, Korkmaz F, çeviri editörleri. Pearson Hemşirelik Tanıları El Kitabı: NANDA-I Tanılar, NIC Girişimleri, NOC Çıktıları. 11. Baskı. Ankara: Pelikan Yayınevi; 2018.

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com