Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Gastroenterohepatology

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Barsak Hastalıklarında Güncel Diyet Yaklaşımı: Fermente Oligo-, Di- ve Mono-Sakkaritler ve Polyol (FODMAP) İçeriği Düşük Diyet
Current Dietary Approaches in Bowel Diseases: Low Fermentable Oligo-, Di- and Mono-Saccharides and Polyols (FODMAP) Diet: Review
Feride ÇELEBİa, Gamze AKBULUTa
aBeslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ankara
Turkiye Klinikleri J Gastroenterohepatol. 2014;21(2):43-52
doi: 10.5336/gastro.2014-42411
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen inflamatuar barsak hastalıkları (İBH) ve irritabl barsak sendromu (İBS), ülkemizde ve dünya genelinde yaygın görülen önemli sağlık sorunlarındandır ve bu hastalıkların patofizyolojisi tam olarak açıklanamamıştır. Diyet gibi çevresel etmenler semptomların gelişiminde etkili olabilmektedir. Barsak sağlığı ile ilgili çalışmalarda farklı diyet önerileri bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri de kısa zincirli, emilimi sınırlı/düşük karbonhidratlardan olan fermente oligo-, di- ve mono-sakkaritler ve polyollerin (FODMAP) sınırlandırıldığı diyettir. FODMAP içeren karbonhidratların sindirimi ile fermente substratların, suyun ince barsak ve kolondaki miktarı artmaktadır. Bu durum luminal distansiyon ve gaz oluşumuna neden olmaktadır. Literatürde diyette fermente karbonhidratların sınırlandırılmasının (düşük FODMAP içerikli diyet) gastrointestinal sistem (GİS) semptomları üzerine olumlu etkiler gösterebileceğini savunan çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Son dönemlerde İBH ve İBS için güncel tedavi yaklaşımı olan FODMAP içeren karbonhidratlardan sınırlı tıbbi beslenme tedavisinin sağlık üzerine etkinliği konusunda çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Literatüre her yeni eklenen tıbbi beslenme tedavisi için bireyin beslenme ve genel sağlık durumu üzerine olumlu/olumsuz etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Ancak, literatürde yer alan randomize kontrol çalışmalarının sınırlı sayıda olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. İBH ve İBS tanısı alan bireylerde fermente karbonhidratların sınırlandırılmasının gastrointestinal sağlık üzerine etkilerinin incelendiği uzun dönemli yapılan daha çok sayıda çalışmaya gereksinimi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu derleme, FODMAP içeren karbonhidratlardan sınırlı tıbbi beslenme tedavisinin etkinliği konusunda bilgi verilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyet; inflamatuar barsak hastalıkları; irritabl barsak sendromu
ABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) which affect life quality adversely, are important diseases. Each disease have high prevalence in our country and throughout the world and the pathophysiology of these diseases is not completely understood. The environmental factors such as diet may be effective in the development of symptoms. There are diffe-rent diet recommendations about related to gut health studies. One of these diets contains limited fermentable oligo-, di- and mono - saccharides and polyols which are short-chain and absorbed res-trictedly/poorly carbohydrates (FODMAP). With ingestion of FODMAP carbohydrates increases fermentable substrates , water in small intestine and colon. This status results in luminal distention and gas. In the literature, there are some studies which advocate restriction of dietary fermentable carbohydrates (low FODMAP diet) may be positive effects on gastrointestinal system symptoms. Recently the studies which is a new approach for IBD and IBS medical nutrition therapy including low FODMAP carbohydrates are carried out effect on health. It is important that assessment of positive/negative effects on the nutritional and general health status of the individual for newly added medical nutrition therapy in literature. However, it is significant that number of randomized and control trials are limited in literature. It is needed to more long term studies which investigate the effects on gastrointestinal health in restriction of fermentable carbohydrates in individuals with IBH and IBS. It is aimed to provide information about the effective of restricted FODMAP containing carbohydrates medical nutrition therapy in this review.

Keywords: Diet; inflammatory bowel diseases; irritable bowel syndrome

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