Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Badmintona Özgü Çeviklik Testlerinin Etki Büyüklüklerinin İncelenmesi
Examining the Effect Sizes of Badminton Specific Agility Tests
Berk AVCIa, Erkan GÜNAYb, Hüseyin ÖZKAMÇIb
aDokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor ABD, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
bDokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2021;13(3):495-502
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2020-80627
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Badminton sporuna özgü çeviklik testleri ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalarda, testlerin geçerlik ve güvenirlikleri veya antrenmanla meydana gelen değişimler sıklıkla araştırılmıştır. Ancak hangi test bataryasının, sahada uygulanması açısından daha etkili olabileceği konusu tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, badmintona özgü çeviklik testlerinin, etki büyüklüklerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya, 18-25 yaş aralığında 35 erkek gönüllü katılmıştır. Deney grubunu (yaş: 21,3±1,82 yıl; boy uzunluğu: 177,3±5,87 cm; vücut ağırlığı: 69±6,21 kg), ortalama 6,1 yıl antrenman geçmişine sahip ve düzenli olarak müsabakalara katılan 19 erkek badmintoncu oluşturmuştur. Kontrol grubu (yaş: 20,8±1,2 yıl; boy uzunluğu: 172,3±6,93 cm; vücut ağırlığı: 71,5±4,77 kg) ise herhangi bir spor geçmişi olmayan ve düzenli egzersiz yapmayan 16 katılımcıdan oluşturulmuştur. İlk olarak deney grubuna, 3 haftalık adaptasyon antrenman programı uygulanmıştır. Ardından tüm grupların antropometrik özellikleri ve genel çeviklik testi ölçümleri (t-testi) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca deney grubuna badmintona özgü 'Walklate', 'Four corner' ve 'Sideways' çeviklik testleri uygulanmıştır. Testler sonrasında 6 hafta boyunca, haftada 3 birim olmak üzere ~30 dk çeviklik antrenman modülü uygulamaları gerçekleştirilerek, aynı test ölçümleri tekrar edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin, varyans homojenitesi Levene Testi ile belirlenmiş ve normal dağılıma uygun olup olmadığını değerlendirmek için ise Shapiro-Wilks testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen ön-test ve sontest değerleri arasındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesi için 'Sample Paired t-test', etki büyüklüklerinin belirlenmesi için 'Cohen d size effect' formülü kullanıldı. Bulgular: Badmintona özgü çeviklik testlerinin öntest ve son-test bulguları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulundu (p<0,01). Testlerin etki büyüklükleri, Sideways 1,46, Four corner 1,25 ve Walklate testi 0,70 olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları, badmintona özgü çeviklik antrenmanlarında Sideways çeviklik testinin antrenman modülü ve test bataryası olarak kullanılmasının, performans gelişimi ve takibi açısından daha etkili olacağını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Badminton; çeviklik antrenmanı; yön değiştirme; etki büyüklüğü
ABSTRACT
 Objective: In studies on agility tests specific to badminton sports, the validity and reliability of the tests or the changes that occur with training have been frequently investigated. However, it is not known exactly which test battery would be more effective in terms of its application in the field. The aim of this study is to examine the effect sizes of agility tests specific to badminton. Material and Methods: 35 male volunteers between the ages of 18-25 participated in the study. The experimental group (age: 21.3±1.82 years; height: 177.3±5.87 cm; weight: 69±6.21 kg) consisted of 19 male badminton players with an average training history of 6.1 years and regularly participating in the competitions. The control group (age: 20.8±1.2 yrs; height: 172.3±6.93 cm; weight: 71.5±4.77 kg) consisted of 16 participants who did not have any sports background and did not exercise regularly. Firstly, 3- week adaptation training program was applied to the experimental group. Then, the anthropometric characteristics and general agility test measurements (t-test) of all groups were carried out. In addition, agility tests specific to badminton Walklate, Four corner and Sideways were applied to the experimental group. After the tests, agility training modules were applied for ~ 30 minutes, 3 units per week, for 6 weeks and the same test measurements were repeated. The "Sample Paired t-test" formula was used to determine the differences between the obtained pre-test and post-test values, and the formula "Cohen d size effect" was used to determine the effect sizes. Results: A significant difference was found between pre-test and post-test findings of badminton-specific agility tests (p<0.01). The effect sizes of the tests were determined as Sideways 1.46, Four corner 1.25 and Walklate test 0.70. Conclusion: The study findings show that using the sideways agility test as a training module and test battery in agility training specific to badminton will be more effective in terms of performance development and tracking.

Keywords: Badminton; agility training; change of direction; effect size
REFERENCES:
  1. Hussain I, Arshad BM. Kinematic alanalysis of forehand and backhand smash in badminton. Innov Syst Des Eng. 2011;2(7):20-6. [Link] 
  2. Todd MK, Mahoney CA. Determination of pre-season physiological characteristics of elite male squash players. T. Reilly, M. Hughes, A. Lees eds. Science and Racket Sports. 1st. London and New York: Taylor&Francis Group; 1995. p. 81-88. [Link] 
  3. Phomsoupha M, Laffaye G. The science of badminton: game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual fitness and biomechanics. Sports Med. 2015;45(4):473-95. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Ooi CH, Tan A, Ahmad A, Kwong KW, Sompong R, Ghazali KA, et al. Physiological characteristics of elite and sub-elite badminton players. J Sports Sci. 2009;27(14):1591-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Chen B, Mok D, Lee WC, Lam WK. High-intensity stepwise conditioning programme for improved exercise responses and agility performance of a badminton player with knee pain. Phys Ther Sport. 2015;16(1):80-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Middleton G, Bishop DC, Smith C, Gee TI. The Implementation of a Sports-Specific Resistance and Plyometric Training Programme for an Elite Junior Badminton Player. School of Sport and Exercise Science. 2013. [Link] 
  7. Walklate BM, O'Brien BJ, Paton CD, Young W. Supplementing regular training with short-duration sprint-agility training leads to a substantial increase in repeated sprint-agility performance with national level badminton players. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(5):1477-81. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Madsen CM, Karlsen A, Nybo L. Novel speed test for evaluation of badminton-specific movements. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(5):1203-10. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Hagemann N, Memmert D. Coaching anticipatory skill in badminton laboratory versus field based perceptual training. J Hum Mov Stud. 2006;50:381-98. [Link] 
  10. Kuo KP, Tsai HH, Lin CY, Wu WT. Verification and Evaluation of a Visual Reaction System for Badminton Training. Sensors. 2020;20(23):6808. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Trappe S.W, Pearson DR. Effects of Weight Assisted Dry-Land Strength Training on Swimming Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 1994;8(4):209-213. [Crossref] 
  12. Wilson DB, Lipsey MW. The role of method in treatment effectiveness research: evidence from meta-analysis. Psychol Methods. 2001;6(4):413-29. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Young WB, McDowell MH, Scarlett BJ. Specificity of sprint and agility training methods. J Strength Cond Res. 2001;15(3):315-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Faude O, Meyer T, Rosenberger F, Fries M, Huber G, Kindermann W. Physiological characteristics of badminton match play. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;100(4):479-85. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Frederick M. Specific Movement Agility Testing System. Movement. Health exercise conference. 2014. [Link] 
  16. de França Bahia Loureiro L Jr, Costa Dias MO, Cremasco FC, da Silva MG, de Freitas PB. Assessment of Specificity of the Badcamp Agility test for Badminton Players. J Hum Kinet. 2017;57(1):191-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  17. Halouani J, Chtourou H, Gabbett T, Chaouachi A, Chamari K. Small-sided games in team sports training: a brief review. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(12):3594-618. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Sarmento H, Clemente FM, Harper LD, Costa IT da, Owen A, Figueiredo AJ. Small sided games in soccer-a systematic review. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 2018;18(5):693-749. [Crossref] 
  19. Young W, Rogers N. Effects of small-sided game and change-of-direction training on reactive agility and change-of-direction speed. J Sports Sci. 2014;32(4):307-14. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Cabello Manrique D, González-Badillo JJ. Analysis of the characteristics of competitive badminton. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37(1):62-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  21. Majumdar P, Khanna GL, Malik V, Sachdeva S, Arif M, Mandal M. Physiological analysis to quantify training load in badminton. Br J Sports Med. 1997;31(4):342-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com