Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Atrofik Posterior Mandibular Kretlerde Farklı Boy Çap Açı ve Dizaynlarda Yerleştirilen İmplantlarda ve Çevre Kemikte Meydana Gelen Streslerin Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Finite Element Analysis of Implants Placed in Different Length Diameter Angle Design and Peripheral Bone in Atrophic Posterior Mandible
Orhan Zeki RASTGELDİa, Burak CEZAİRLİb, Mustafa AYb
aSerbest Diş Hekimi, Gaziantep, TÜRKİYE
bOrdu Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ağız Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi ABD, Ordu, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2021;27(3):347-56
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2020-77163
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Atrofiye uğramış mandibular posterior bölgelerde geleneksel yöntemlerle implant uygulanırken, anatomik limitasyonlarla karşılaşılabilinmektedir. Kısa implantlar ve açılı implantlar, atrofik çenelerde ya da alveoler kemik yüksekliğinin anatomik yapılar nedeniyle sınırlı kaldığı durumlarda, ek cerrahi işlemler uygulanmasına gerek kalmadan implant yerleştirilebilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 3 boyutlu sonlu elemanlar stres analizi yöntemini kullanarak implant uzunluğu, çapı ve yerleştirilme açısının kortikal, spongioz kemik ve implantlarda oluşturduğu streslerin analiz edilip, kıyaslanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Mandibular, 1. molar dişin kaybına bağlı olarak atrofiye uğramış mandibula modeli ve 5 farklı implant modeli implant üstü yapılarıyla beraber 3 boyutlu sonlu elemanlar stres analiziyle değerlendirilmek üzere sanal olarak oluşturuldu. Açılı implantların 3,75 mm çap, 10 mm uzunluğa sahip ve dişin uzun aksına 15°, 20°, 25° açı ile yerleştirilecek şekilde, kısa implantların da 4,5 mm çap, 6 mm uzunluk ve 5,0 mm çap, 7,5 mm uzunluğa sahip olacak şekilde modellemesi yapıldı. Her modele 150 N vertikal ve 45° bukkolingual açılı kuvvet uygulandı. Bulgular: Kortikal kemikte oluşan stresler, spongioz kemikte oluşan streslerden daha yüksek değerlerde olmuştur. Oblik kuvvet altında kortikal kemik kısmında en yüksek sıkışma ve gerilme stresi değeri 15° açılı implant modelinde görülürken, en düşük sıkışma ve gerilme stresi değeri 7,5 mm uzunluk ve 5 mm çapa sahip kısa implant modelinde görülmüştür. Sonuç: Tüm modellerde elde edilen sıkışma ve gerilme stres değerleri, kortikal ve spongioz kemiğin sıkışma ve gerilme eşik değerlerinin altında ölçülmüştür. İmplantlarda oluşan Von Mises stres değerleri implantın kırılma direncinin altında ölçülmüştür. Mandibular posterior bölgede kısa implantların açılı implantlara göre daha iyi bir seçenek olabileceği değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş implantları; sonlu eleman analizi; mandibula
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Atrophic ridges in the posterior mandible present serious limitations for conventional implant placement. Short implants and tilted ones allow the placement of the implants into the atrophic jaws or cases that alveolar bone height limited by anatomical structures without additional surgical augmentation procedures. Our aim was to analyze and compare the effects of implant length, diameter and tilting on stress distributions of cortical, cancellous bone and implant body using 3- dimensional finite element stress analysis. Material and Methods: A 3- dimensional finite element stress analysis model of an atrophic mandibular section of bone with missing first molar tooth was developed, and five different implant models with prosthetic components were developed. The standard implant models with 3.75 mm diameter and 10 mm length were placed with 15°, 20°, 25° angulations buccolingually to the long axis of the tooth, while the short implant models with 4.5 mm diameter, 6 mm length and 5 mm diameter, 7.5 mm length respectively were placed perpendicular to the occlusal plane. A vertical load of 150 N and a buccally-oriented (45°) oblique load of 150 N was applied to the crown. Results: The results demonstrated that the principal stresses in the cortical bone were higher than the principal stresses in the spongioz bone. The highest compression and tensile stress values in the cortical bone section under oblique force were observed in the implant model with an angle of 15°, while the lowest compression and tensile stress value was observed in the short implant model with a length of 7.5 mm and diameter of 5 mm. Conclusion: The compressive and stress stress values obtained in all models were below the compressive and tensile threshold values of the cortical and spongios bone. The Von Mises stress values that occur in the implants were below the fracture resistance of the implant. It has been evaluated that short implant application in mandibular posterior region may be a better option than buccolingually tilted implant application.

Keywords: Dental implants; finite element analysis; mandible
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