Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Assessment of Undergoing a Pap Smear Screening Test and Knowledge Levels of Women Aged 21-65 Years Based on the Health Belief Model: A Cross-sectional Study
21-65 Yaş Arası Kadınların Pap Smear Tarama Testi Hakkındaki Bilgi Durumlarının Sağlık İnanç Modeline Göre Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Çalışma
Leman ÇEKİa, Aysel ÖZDEMİRb
aAlaşehir State Hospital, Manisa, TURKEY
bDepartment of Public Health Nursing, Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2021;13(4):858-68
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2021-81645
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study determined women's experiences and awareness of undergoing a Pap smear test for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Material and Methods: The population consisted of 1,193 women registered at a family health center. The sample consisted of 291 people with an error margin of 5% and 0.5 probability. Results: This study found no statistically significant associations between undergoing a Pap smear test and the Health Belief Model Scale (HBMS) sub-dimensions (p>0.05). Moreover, awareness of the reasons for a Pap smear test was not associated with the HBMS sensitivity, caring, and health motivation sub-dimensions (p>0.05) but was associated with the benefit motivation and obstacles sub-dimensions (p<0.05). The awareness of undergoing a Pap smear test based on the menstrual cycle was not associated with the HBMS sensitivity sub-dimension (p>0.05) but was associated with the caring, benefit motivation, health motivation, and obstacles sub-dimensions (p<0.05). Awareness of the preparatory stages before the Pap smear test was not associated with the HBMS sensitivity, caring, and health motivation sub-dimensions (p>0.05) but was associated with the benefit motivation and obstacles sub-dimensions (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates that the HBM is important for encouraging women to undergo early diagnostic tests for cervical cancer and designing and maintaining health education programs. Public health nurses should plan actions that support and encourage women based on the HBM in health-related education to contribute to the efforts of increasing the rate of participation in preventative screenings.

Keywords: Pap smear test; cervical cancer; health belief model
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, kadınların serviks kanserinin erken teşhisi için kullanılan Pap smear testini yaptırma durumlarının ve bilgi düzeylerinin Sağlık İnanç Modeline (SİM) göre belirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı tipte planlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın evreni, bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezine kayıtlı 1.193 kadından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi %5 hata ve 0,5 olasılık yöntemi ile (n) 291 kişi olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, katılımcıların Pap smear taraması yaptırma durumu ve Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği (SİMÖ) düzeyi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Bu çalışmada, Pap smear testinin neden yapıldığını bilme durumu ve SİMÖ düzeyi ilişkisi; duyarlılık, önemseme ve sağlık motivasyonu arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ilişki saptanmamışken (p>0,05), yarar motivasyonu ve engeller arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Pap smear testinin menstrüel siklusa göre yapılma durumunu bilme ve SİMÖ düzeyi ilişkisi; duyarlılık arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ilişki saptanmamışken (p>0,05), önemseme, yarar motivasyonu, sağlık motivasyonu ve engeller arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı (p<0,05). Pap smear testi öncesinde hazırlıkları bilme durumu ve SİMÖ düzeyi ilişkisi; duyarlılık, önemseme ve sağlık motivasyonu arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmamışken (p>0,05), yarar motivasyonu ve engeller arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, kadınların rahim ağzı kanseri erken tanı testlerine yaptırma durumlarının, sağlık eğitimi programlarının tasarlanması ve yürütülmesinde SİM'in önemli olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Halk sağlığı hemşiresinin sağlık eğitimlerinde kadınların desteklenmesi ve cesaretlendirilmesin de SİM'e göre yaklaşım planlaması istenilen katılımı arttırmaya katkı sağlayacağı düşüncesindeyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Pap smear test; servikal kanser; sağlık inanç modeli
REFERENCES:
  1. World Health Organization. [Internet]. © 2021 WHO [Cited: 19.03.2021]. Cancer. Available from: [Link] 
  2. Kokkun M. Malatya il merkezinde bulunan aile sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışan sağlık personelinin ulusal kanser tarama programlarındaki taramalar konusunda bilgi tutum ve davranış larının incelenmesi. [Master Thesis]. Malatya: T.C. İnönü Üniversitesi; 2014. [Link] 
  3. Selvi M. Kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanları ile pratisyen hekimlerin pap smear alma sıklığının belirlenmesi. [Master Thesis]. Afyon: Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi; 2006. [Link] 
  4. Vatansever G. Sağlık çalışanlarının human papilloma (HPV) aşısı ve HPV ile serviks kanseri hakkında bilgi düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi. [Master Thesis]. Manisa: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi; 2010. [Link] 
  5. Calle EE, Flanders WD, Thun MJ, Martin LM. Demographic predictors of mammography and Pap smear screening in US women. Am J Public Health. 1993;83(1):53-60. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  6. Sirovich BE, Welch HG. The frequency of Pap smear screening in the United States. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19(3):243-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  7. Eo YS, Kim JS. Associations of health belief and health literacy with Pap smear practice among Asian immigrant women. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2019;42:63-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  8. Ampofo AG, Adumatta AD, Owusu E, Awuviry-Newton K. A cross-sectional study of barriers to cervical cancer screening uptake in Ghana: An application of the health belief model. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0231459. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  9. Nigussie T, Admassu B, Nigussie A. Cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among age-eligible women in Jimma town using health belief model, South West Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health. 2019; 19(1):127. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  10. Öztürk Y. Pap smear testi yaptırmamış kadınların bu teste yönelik farkındalıklarının ve testi yaptırmama nedenlerinin değerlen dirilmesi. [Master Thesis]. Eskişehir: T.C. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi; 2017. [Link] 
  11. Ashtarian H, Mirzabeigi E, Mahmoodi E, Khezeli M. Knowledge about Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear and the Factors Influencing the Pap test Screening among Women. International journal of community based nursing and midwifery. 2017;5(2):188-95. [PMC] 
  12. Johnson CE, Mues KE, Mayne SL, Kiblawi AN. Cervical cancer screening among immigrants and ethnic minorities: a systematic review using the Health Belief Model. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2008;12(3):232-41. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  13. Gözüm S, Çapık C. [A Guide in the development of health behaviours: Health Belief Model (HBM)]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi. 2014;7(3):230-7. [Link] 
  14. Guvenc G, Akyuz A, Açikel CH. Health belief model scale for cervical cancer and pap smear test: psychometric testing. J Adv Nurs. 2011;67(2):428-37. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  15. Örenli G. İlköğretim ikinci kademede öğrenim gören kız öğrencilerin annelerinin rahim ağzı kanseri ve HPV aşısı konusunda bilgi tutum davranışları. [Master Thesis]. Zonguldak: T.C. Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi; 2015. [Link] 
  16. Aldohaian AI, Alshammari SA, Arafah DM. Using the health belief model to assess beliefs and behaviors regarding cervical cancer screening among Saudi women: a cross-sectional observational study. BMC Womens Health. 2019;19(1):6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  17. Hacıhasanoğlu Aşılar R, Köse S, Yıldırım A. [Women's knowledge, beliefs and behaviors about cervical cancer and pap smear test]. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing. 2015; 7(2):102-11. [Crossref] 
  18. Karaoğlan D. Kadınların Servi̇ks kanseri̇ ri̇sk faktörleri̇ ve erken tanı yöntemleri̇ ı̇li̇şki̇n bi̇lgi̇ ve uygulamalarının beli̇rlenmesi̇. [Master Thesis]. Lefkoşa: K.K.T.C. Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi; 2016. [Link] 
  19. Şen S, Karadağ Başar F. [Awareness among women living in Kütahya region about pap smear test]. Sted/Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi. 2019;28(1):28-30. [Crossref] 
  20. Tokgöz T. Gebe Kadınların Pap smear testi konusunda bilgi düzeylerinin incelenmesi. [Master Thesis]. İstanbul: T.C. Haliç Üniversitesi; 2009. [Link] 
  21. Özdemir Ö, Bilgili N. [Knowledge and practices of nurses working in an education hospital on early diagnosis of breast and cervix cancers]. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2010;9(6):605-12. [Crossref] 
  22. Arabaci Z, Ozsoy S. The pap-smear test experience of women in Turkey: a qualitative study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(11): 5687-90. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  23. Acar GB. Reprodükti̇f dönemdeki̇ kadınların servi̇ks kanseri̇ taramasına yöneli̇k sağlık ı̇nanışları ve etki̇leyen faktörler. [Master Thesis]. Ankara: T.C. Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi; 2014. [Link] 
  24. Cangöl E, Söğüt S, Berberoğlu U, Dolu I. Evaluation of women having pap smear test by health belief model scale. International Journal of Caring. 2020;13(1):333. [Link] 
  25. Bal MD. [Evaluation of women having pap smear test by health belief model scale]. Journal of Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences. 2014;4(3):133-8. [Link] 
  26. Babazadeh T, Ghaffari-Fam S, Oliaei S, Sarbazi E, Shirdel A, Mostafa-Gharabaghi P, et al. Predictors of pap smear screening behavior among rural women in tabriz, Iran: An application of health belief model. International Journal of Cancer Management. 2019;12(5). [Crossref] 
  27. Babazadeh T, Nadrian H, Rezakhani Moghaddam H, Ezzati E, Sarkhosh R, Aghemiri S. Cognitive determinants of cervical cancer screening behavior among housewife women in Iran: An application of Health Belief Model. Health Care for Women International. 2018.39(5):555-70. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Shirazi Zadeh Mehraban S, Namdar A, Naghizadeh MM. Assessment of Preventive Behavior for Cervical Cancer with the Health Belief Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19(8):2155-63. [PubMed] [PMC] 
  29. Yanikkerem E, Karakuş Selçuk A, Esmeray N. women's attitude and beliefs about cervical cancer and pap smear test by using the health belief model. International Journal of Cancer and Clinical Research. 2018;5(2):1-9. [Crossref] 
  30. Özen Çınar İ, Kara E. Evaluation of awareness of cervical cancer and pap spear test of working women by health belief model. Bezmialem Science. 2020;8(2):113-9. [Crossref] 
  31. Karimy M, Azarpira H, Araban M. Using health belief model constructs to examine differences in adherence to pap test recommendations among Iranian women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017;18(5):1389-94. [PubMed] [PMC] 
  32. Egelioglu Cetisli N, Top ED, Işık G. Cervical cancer and pap smear test health beliefs and health- promoting lifestyle of women in Turkey. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2016;9(2):630-9. [Link] 
  33. Pirzadeh A, Mazaheri MA. The effect of education on women's practice based on the health belief model about pap smear test. Int J Prev Med. 2012;3(8):585-90. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  34. Gökgöz N, Aktaş D. [Determination of women awareness level of cervical cancer & conducting pap-smear test]. Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik E-Dergisi. 2015;3(2):11-22. [Link] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com