Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Assessment of Mandibular Condylar Morphological Variations Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Mandibular Kondil Morfolojisindeki Varyasyonların Konik-Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Kesitsel Araştırma
Elifhan ALAGÖZa , Kardelen GÜLENÇb , Emine Rana SARIKAYAa , Şerife ŞAHİNc
aBezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, İstanbul, Türkiye
bPrivate Dentist, İstanbul, Türkiye
cBezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, İstanbul Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2025;31(2):196-203
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2024-106158
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objectives: The mandibular condyle is a key of the temporomandibular joint component and the mandible's primary growth center. Although individual variations in condylar shapes are well recognized, the application of existing morphological classifications to clinical relationships remains limited. This study aims to determine the prevalence of mandibular condyle morphologies based on existing classifications using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate their relationships with sex, malocclusion, orthognathic surgery, and edentulism. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with a total of 182 patients (122 females, 60 males), with an average age of 26.31±4.61 years. The relationships between condylar morphology and factors such as gender, edentulism, malocclusion (skeletal Class I, II, III), and a history of orthognathic surgery were investigated. Condylar morphology and edentulism were evaluated using CBCT. The skeletal status of the jaws was determined using lateral cephalometric images analyzed with Steiner analysis through the WebCeph program. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 28.0 software. Results: The most commonly observed condyle morphology was convex, found in 35.6% on the right side and 42.9% on the left. This was followed by the angled type, observed in 29.1% on the right and 22.5% on the left. No statistically significant relationship was found between condyle morphology and gender, edentulism, or malocclusion (p>0.05). However, a statistically significant relationship was found between condyle morphology and history of orthognathic surgery (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study evaluated the distribution of mandibular condyle morphologies based on existing classifications using CBCT and demonstrated that a history of orthognathic surgery may influence condylar morphology.

Keywords: Temporomandibular joint; mandibular condyle; cone-beam computed tomography; cephalometry; orthognathic surgery
ÖZET
 Amaç: Mandibular kondil, temporomandibular eklemin önemli bir bileşeni ve mandibulanın birincil büyüme merkezidir. Kondil şekillerindeki bireysel farklılıklar bilinse de, mevcut morfolojik sınıflandırmaların klinik ilişkilere yönelik kullanımı sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) kullanarak mandibular kondil morfolojilerinin mevcut sınıflandırmaya göre rastlanma sıklığını belirlemeyi ve bunların cinsiyet, maloklüzyon, ortognatik cerrahi ve dişsizlik ile ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışma, yaş ortalaması 26,31±4,61 yıl olan toplam 182 hasta (122 kadın, 60 erkek) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, kondil morfolojisi ile cinsiyet, dişsizlik, maloklüzyon (iskeletsel Sınıf I, II, III) ve ortognatik cerrahi geçmişi arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Kondil morfolojisi ve dişsizlik, KIBT ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çene iskeletinin durumu, WebCeph programı kullanılarak yapılan Steiner analiziyle lateral sefalometrik görüntüler üzerinden belirlenmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler, IBM SPSS Statistics Sürüm 28.0 yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: En yaygın gözlemlenen kondil morfolojisi konveks tip olup, sağda %35,6, solda ise %42,9 oranında bulunmuştur. Bunu açılı tip izlemekte olup, sağda %29,1, solda ise %22,5 oranında gözlemlenmiştir. Cinsiyet, dişsizlik durumu ve maloklüzyon ile kondil morfolojisi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Ancak, ortognatik cerrahi geçmişi olan hastalar ile olmayanlar arasındaki kondil morfolojisi farkları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, KIBT kullanarak mandibular kondil morfolojilerinin mevcut sınıflandırmalara göre dağılımını değerlendirmiş ve ortognatik cerrahi öyküsünün kondil morfolojisi üzerinde etkili olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Temporomandibular eklem; mandibular kondil; konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi; sefalometri; ortognatik cerrahi
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