Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

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Artroplasti ve Etik: Değişen-Genişleyen Endikasyonlar ve Etik Sorunlar
Arthroplasty and Ethics: The Changing-Expanding Indications and Ethical Problems
Teoman ATICIa, Elif ATICIb
aOrtopedi ve Travmatoloji AD, bTıp Tarihi ve Etik AD, Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Bursa
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2011;31(1):176-85
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2010-19423
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Postoperatif erken dönemde yüksek hasta memnuniyeti sağlayan artroplasti uygulamalarında endikasyon, konservatif tedavilerle geçmeyen ağrı ve fonksiyon kaybıdır. Yüksek başarı oranları sonucunda cerrahların endikasyonları genişlettiği, hastalarınsa beklentilerinin arttığı bu uygulamalarda etik ikilemlerin daha sık ortaya çıkması kaçınılmazdır. Bu çalışmada; uygulama sıklığı giderek artan artroplasti ameliyatlarında değişen-genişleyen endikasyon sınırlarının neden olabileceği olası etik sorunların tıp etiğinin temel ilkeleri bağlamında analiz edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tıbbi endikasyon, hastanın tercihleri, yaşam kalitesi ve diğer unsurlardan oluşan dört basamaklı etik analiz yaklaşımıyla artroplasti uygulamalarında değişen-genişleyen endikasyonların neden olduğu etik sorunlar tıp etiği ilkeleri bağlamında incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Günümüzde değişen yaşam şekli, aktivite kısıtlanmasına toleransın azalması, teknolojideki ilerlemelerle gelişen materyal-tasarım özellikleri, artroplasti ameliyatlarının genç ve aktif olgularda da uygulanmasına yol açmıştır. Ağrı ve fonksiyon kaybı şikâyetlerindeki belirsizlikler uygulama kararında hekimin sorumluluğunu arttırmaktadır. Yüksek teknolojinin yarattığı ekonomik, sosyal ve profesyonel zorlamalar ise uygulamalar sırasında etik ikilemlerin daha sık ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Klinik uygulamalarda her etik ikilemin cevabını formüle etmek olanaksızdır, ancak etik kriterler ortopediste karar vermede yol gösterici olabilir. Sonuç: Etik analizle klinik uygulamaların sadece etik kriterleri değil, bilimsel kriterleri de değerlendirilebilir. Endikasyonun belirlenmesinde hekimin bilgisi, görgüsü ve eğitimi ne kadar öncelikliyse uygulama kararında da hasta tercihi o oranda birincildir. Hasta-hekim arasındaki etkili iletişim öncelik sıralamasındaki sınırları ortadan kaldırabilir. Ortopedist bu ilişkinin yönetiminde aktif olmalıdır. İletişim çağının sağladığı olanakları kullanan ve eksik, hatalı veya yönlendirilmiş bilgiyle donatılmış hastaların tercihleri hekimin önerileriyle uyuşmadığında her ortopedik girişimin temel hedefi olan hasta memnuniyeti elde edilemeyebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Artroplasti; hasta seçimi; hasta memnuniyeti; etik,tıbbi
ABSTRACT
Objective: The indications for the arthroplasty applications which provide high patient satisfaction in early postoperative period are pain and function loss nonresponsive to conservative treatment. Frequent emergence of ethical dilemmas is inevitable in these applications where higher success rates appear due to expanded indications of the surgens and patients have higher expectations. In current study, the ethical problems that may be caused from the changing-expanding indications of arthroplasty which is more frequently employed every day were investigated with the basic principles of medical ethics. Material and Methods: The ethical problems that may be encountered in arthroplasty applications caused by the changing-expanding indications are investigated with a four steps ethical analysis approach which is constituted of medical indication, patient's choices, life quality and other elements in the context of the principles of medical ethics. Results: The changing life style in today's world, decreasing tolerance to activity limitation, material design features which develop with technological improvements resulted in application of arthroplasty operations in young and active individuals. The indetermination in the complaints of pain and functional loss increases the physician's responsibility for decision of the operation. The economical, social and professional pressure that are caused by high technology caused ethical dilemmas to increase. In clinical applications, it is impossible to formulate every ethical dilemma, however ethical criteria may be a model to orthopedist for decision. Conclusion: With ethical analysis, not only ethical criteria of clinical application but also the scientific criteria can be evaluated. The patient's choice is as important as the physician's experience, education and training in clinical decision. The effective communication between patient and physician may remove the barriers in priority rankings. Orthopedist should play an active role for conducting this communication. When the preferences of patients who use the possibilities of communication and have biased, wrong or directed information are in conflict with the physician's recommendations, the patient's satisfaction which is the main goal of every orthopedic intervention might not be reached out.

Keywords: Arthroplasty; patient selection; patient satisfaction; ethics, medical

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