Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics

.: REVIEW
Anne Sütünün Önemi ve Emzirme Davranışı Üzerinde Büyükanneler ve Babaların Etkisi
The Importance of Breast Milk and the Effect of Fathers and Grandmothers on Breastfeeding Behavior
Beyzanur İŞBAYa, Emine GERÇEKb
aGenel Cerrahi-Beyin Cerrahi Kliniği, Özel Bursa Anadolu Hastanesi, Bursa, TÜRKİYE
bDoğum, Kadın Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği AD, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Aydın, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr. 2019;28(2):87-96
doi: 10.5336/pediatr.2018-62695
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 İnsanlığın yaratılışından bu yana emzirme, bebeği beslemek için kullanılan en eski ve en önemli eylemlerden biridir. Günümüzde, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, ilk altı ay sadece anne sütü verilmesi gerektiğini ve ek gıdalarla birlikte iki yaşına kadar emzirmeyi önermektedir. Emzirmenin bebek sağlığı, anne sağlığı ve toplum sağlığı açısından yararları bilinmesine rağmen dünyada ve Türkiye'de emzirme oranlarının düşük olduğu dikkati çekmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü 2025 Küresel Beslenme Hedefleri'nde belirtildiğine göre, ilk altı ayda sadece anne sütüyle beslenme oranı %38'dir. Anne sütü alma oranları, sosyokültürel ile ekonomik boyut arasında değişen sayısız faktörden etkilenmektedir. Bu faktörler arasında; ailenin geleneksel özellikleri, aile yapısı, ekonomik durum, üst kuşağın bilgi ve deneyimleri, içinde bulunulan sosyal çevre ile emzirmenin desteklenme durumu yer almaktadır. Doğum sonrası dönemde eş desteğinin, annelerin iş yükünü hafifleterek emzirme başarısını artırdığı bilinmektedir. Ayrıca literatür, yaşlı neslin, özellikle de bebeğin büyükannelerinin (anneannesi ya da babaannesi), aile birimi içindeki gebeliğe karar verme ve çocuk yetiştirme konularında çok önemli rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Yapılan araştırmalara göre, babanın emzirmeyi desteklemesi ve büyükannenin doğru yaklaşımları annenin emzirmeye olan bakış açısını olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Aksine büyükanne ve babaların olumsuz ve isteksiz tutumları, annenin emzirme davranışını negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, konu ile ilgili literatürün incelenmesi ile büyükannelerin ve babaların emzirme davranışı üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Emzirme; büyükanne; baba; postpartum dönem; aile ilişkileri; bakım vericiler
ABSTRACT
 Breastfeeding is one of the oldest and most important activities used to feed the baby since the creation of human beings. Today, the World Health Organization recommends that only mother's milk should be given for the first six months and breastfeed until the age of two with supplementary foods. The benefits of breastfeeding in terms of infant health, maternal health and community health are known, but the rates of breastfeeding in Turkey and around the world are low attention. According to the World Health Organization 2025 Global Nutrition Goals, rates of exclusive breastfeeding is 38%. The rates of breastfeeding are influenced by numerous factors ranging from sociocultural to economic size. Among these factors are the traditional characteristics of the family, family structure, economic situation, the knowledge and experiences of the upper family, the social environment and the support of breastfeeding status. In the postpartum period, partner's support is known to increase the success of breastfeeding by alleviating the workload of mothers. The literature also shows that the older generation, especially the baby's grandmothers, plays a very important role in deciding on pregnancy within the family unit and raising children. According to research, the father's breastfeeding support and grandmother's right approach positively affect the mother's perspective. On the contrary, the negative and unwilling attitudes of the father and grandmother affect the mother's breastfeeding behavior in a negative way. The aim of this review article was to investigate the literature on the subject and to evaluate the effects of mothers and fathers on breastfeeding behavior.

Keywords: Breastfeeding; grandmother; father; postpartum duration; family relations; caregivers
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