Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Akut:Kronik İş Yükü Oranı, Koşu Dengesizliği ve Profesyonel Futbolcularda Sakatlık Paradoksu: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio, Running Imbalance and Injury Paradox for Professional Footballers: A Descriptive Research
Selçuk TARAKCIa , Kaan KAYAb , Gülhan Erdem SUBAKc
aİstanbul Esenyurt Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
bİstanbul Esenyurt Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu, Spor Yöneticiliği Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
cIğdır Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Bölümü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretimi-Eğitimi AD, Iğdır, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2025;17(1):19-27
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2024-104874
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırma, Türkiye Süper Ligi'nde mücadele eden profesyonel futbolcuların temassız sakatlık geçirdikleri güne kadar olan antrenman yükleri ile akut:kronik iş yükü oranı ve koşu dengesizliği değerleri arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya Türkiye Süper Ligi'nde mücadele eden 14 profesyonel futbolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan elde edilen akut:kronik iş yükü oranı ve koşu dengesizliği verileri Küresel Konumlama Sistemi [Global Positioning System (GPS)] kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. GPS kullanılarak elde edilen veriler arasında; toplam mesafe, 20-25 km/s hız aralığında toplam mesafe, 25 km/s üzerinde toplam mesafe, antrenman ve maçlarda geçirdikleri toplam süre, oyuncu yükleri, yüksek metabolik güç mesafesi, belirli hızlarda ivmelenme ve yavaşlama mesafeleri ve ulaştıkları maksimal sürat değerleri bulunmaktadır. Bulgular: Akut:kronik iş yükü oranı ile incelenen parametreler arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon olmadığını, ancak koşu dengesizliği değeri ile bazı antrenman ve performans parametreleri arasında anlamlı korelasyonlar olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle, koşu dengesizliği ile toplam süre (r=0,56), toplam mesafe (r=0,61), oyuncu yükü (r=0,73), 2 m/s'den hızlı ivmelenme-yavaşlama mesafesi (r=0,63), toplam ivmelenme-yavaşlama mesafesi (r=0,68) ve yüksek metabolik güç mesafesi (r=0,60) arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu araştırma, akut:kronik iş yükü oranının futbolcularda sakatlık riski ya da performans parametreleri için güvenilir bir gösterge olmayabileceğini, ancak koşu dengesizliği gibi daha spesifik parametrelerin sakatlık riski üzerinde anlamlı etkiler yaratabileceğini öne sürmektedir. Koşu dengesizliği, özellikle futbol gibi yüksek tempolu sporlarda sakatlık riskini tahmin etmek ve performansı optimize etmek için önemli bir gösterge olabilir. Bu sonuçlar, spor bilimciler, antrenörler ve sağlık profesyonelleri için oyuncuların antrenman programlarının düzenlenmesi ve sakatlık riskinin azaltılması açısından önemli stratejik bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Futbol; koşu dengesizliği; antrenman yükü; performans; sakatlık riski
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This research explores the relationships between the training loads until the day of non-contact injury occurrence and the acute:chronic workload ratio as well as running imbalance values among professional football players competing in the Turkish Super League. Material and Methods: Fourteen professional football players from the Turkish Super League participated in this study on a voluntary basis. Data on acute:chronic workload ratio and running asymmetry were collected using Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking. The GPS-tracked metrics included total distance, distance covered within the speed range of 20-25 km/h, distance covered above 25 km/h, total time spent in training and matches, player load, high metabolic power distance, acceleration and deceleration distances at specific speeds, and maximum speed achieved. Results: The findings revealed no significant correlation between the acute:chronic workload ratio and the examined parameters. However, significant correlations were found between running asymmetry and certain training and performance parameters. Specifically, positive correlations were observed between running asymmetry and total time (r=0.56), total distance (r=0.61), player load (r=0.73), distance of accelerations-decelerations over 2 m/s (r=0.63), total acceleration-deceleration distance (r=0.68), and high metabolic power distance (r=0.60). Conclusion: This study suggests that the acute:chronic workload ratio may not be a reliable indicator for injury risk or performance parameters in football players. However, more specific parameters, such as running asymmetry, may have significant impacts on injury risk. Running asymmetry, particularly in high-intensity sports like football, can be an important indicator for predicting injury risk and optimizing performance. These findings provide valuable strategic insights for sports scientists, coaches, and healthcare professionals in terms of adjusting training programs and minimizing injury risks.

Keywords: Football; running imbalance; training load; performance; injury risk
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