Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Adölesan Kız Hentbolcularda, Düşük Doz Kahve Tüketiminin Anaerobik Performansa Akut Etkileri
The Acute Effects of Low-Dose Coffee Consumption on Anaerobic Performance in Adolescent Female Handball Players
Celil KAÇOĞLUa
aAntrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Eskişehir,
TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2019;11(3):97-107
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2019-70197
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Kafein, amatör ve profesyonel sporcular arasında en yaygın kullanılan ergojenik desteklerden biridir. İçerdiği kafein oranı bakımından en önemli kafein kaynaklarından biri kahvedir. Kafeinin atletik performansa etkileri kapsamlı olarak araştırılmasına rağmen adölesanlarda anaerobik performansa etkileriyle ilgili yeterli çalışma olmamakla birlikte çoğunlukla erkeklerde yapılmış olan mevcut araştırmaların sonuçları da kesin değildir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, düşük doz kahve tüketiminin adölesan kız hentbolcularda anaerobik performansa akut etkilerini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırmaya kahve tüketim alışkanlığı olmayan 18 hentbol sporcusu kız (ortalama±standart sapma; yaş: 13,4±0,8 yıl; boy: 161±7 cm; kilo: 55±11,1 kg; vücut yağ yüzdesi: %24,9±4,45) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Testlerden yaklaşık on gün önce tüm katılımcılara test ve ölçümlerin birebir deneme ve tanıtımları yapılmıştır. Katılımcılar, kahve tüketimi sonrası (Kahve) ve kahve tüketmeden (Kontrol) olmak üzere bir hafta ara ile iki kez teste katılmışlardır. Katılımcılar düşük doz kafein içeren kahve (0,05 g/kg) tükettikten 60 dk sonra testlere geçilmiştir. Bulgular: Tüm katılımcılar 30-s Wingate anaerobik bisiklet testine katılmışlardır. Kahve tüketimi sonrası ve kontrol şartlarında yapılan test sonucu elde edilen maksimum güç (p=0,913), ortalama güç (p=0,201) ve yorgunluk indeksi (p=0,833) değerlerinde anlamlı fark olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç: Kahve ve kontrol ölçüm sonuçlarında maksimum güç, ortalama güç ve yorgunluk indeksi değerlerinin benzer olduğu söylenebilir. Analiz sonuçları, adölesan hentbolcu kızlarda düşük doz kafein içeren (~1,5-1,7 mg/kg) akut kahve tüketiminin maksimum güç, ortalama güç ve yorgunluk indeksine ergojenik etki ortaya çıkarmada yeterli olmadığını göstermiştir. Kahve tüketiminin adölesan ve çocuklarda atletik performansa etkileri ve bu etkilerin altında yatan mekanizmalarla ilgili doz-yanıt ilişkisi çerçevesinde yapılacak plasebo kontrollü yeni araştırmalara ihtiyaç olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kafein; kahve; adölesan; anaerobik performans; ergojenik maddeler
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Caffeine, is one of the most widely used ergogenic aid among amateur and professional athletes. Coffee is one of the most important caffeine source. Although the effects of caffeine on athletic performance have been investigated extensively. But the results of the current studies about the effects of coffee consumption on anaerobic performance are equivocal. Besides there are not enough studies the effects on adolescents and female athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute coffee consumption with low-dose of caffeine on anaerobic performance in adolescent female handball players. Material and Methods: In this study, non-heavy coffee consumers 18 adolescent female handball player (mean±standard deviation; age: 13.4±0.8 years, height: 161±7 cm, weight: 55±11.1 kg, body fat percentage: 24.9±4.45%) voluntarily participated. All participants were presented with anaerobic test as a familiarization trial about ten days before the tests. Participants participated in the test twice a week after coffee consumption (Coffee) and without consuming coffee (Control). All participants participated in the 30-s Wingate anaerobic cycle test. Participants underwent tests after 60 minutes of consuming low-dose caffeine-containing coffee (0.05 g/kg). Results: The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between coffee and control conditions in the maximum power (p=0.913), mean power (p=0.201) and fatigue index (p=0.833). Conclusion: According to the results coffee have no effect on maximum power, mean power and fatigue index values. The results of the analysis showed that the consumption of coffee with low-dose caffeine (~1.5-1.7 mg/kg) in adolescent handball female players was not sufficient to produce an ergogenic effect on maximal power, mean power and fatigue index. Further studies can be designed to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of acute coffee consumption on athletic performance in adolescents and children with placebo controlled trials.

Keywords: Caffeine; coffee; adolescent; anaerobic performance; ergogenic substances
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4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com