Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Adli Tıp Polikliniğine Başvuran Olgularda Kemik Kırıklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Evaluation of Bone Fractures in Patients Admitted to the Forensic Medicine Outpatient Clinic: Descriptive Research
Semiha CANVERENLERa, Ümit ÜNÜVAR GÖÇEOĞLUb, Yasemin BALCIb
aSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Radyoloji Kliniği, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
bMuğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Adli Tıp ABD, Muğla, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2022;19(1):20-9
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2021-84695
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Adli tıpta yaralanmaların ciddiyetinin belirlenmesi, ne şiddette travma ile oluştuğunun belirlenmesi açısından hukuki bir öneme sahiptir. Türk Ceza Kanunu'na göre kemik kırıklarının yaşam fonksiyonları üzerindeki etkileri rapor edilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, adli olgularda kırık lokalizasyonu, sayısı, ağırlığı ve travmanın türü ile nedenselliği ve kemik kırıklı olgulara medikolegal yaklaşımın nasıl olması gerektiğini tartışabilmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Muğla Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Adli Tıp Polikliniğinde, 2014-2020 yılları arasında rapor düzenlenmiş adli olgulardan kemik kırığı tespit edilen olguların adli raporları retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Olguların yaşı, cinsiyeti, kırık sayısı, hangi kemiklerin kırıldığı, kırık bölgeleri, kırığa neden olan travmatik olay, adli tıbbi olarak belirlenen kırık ağırlığı irdelenmiş, kategorik verilerin karşılaştırılmasında ki-kare testi ve T testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar frekanslar ve yüzde olarak sunulmuştur. Bulgular: Rapor düzenlenen olguların 2.625'inde (%21,9) kırık mevcuttur. Kırıklı olguların %80,4'ü erkek, %19,6'sı kadındır. Kırık ağırlığı en fazla %47,9 oranıyla orta derecede (2-3 puan) bulunmuştur. Kırık ağırlığı açısından kadın ve erkekler arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır. 15-24 ve 25-64 yaş gruplarında hafif puanlı kırıklar, 0-14 ile 65 yaş ve üzeri yaş gruplarında ağır puanlı kırıklar daha fazladır. Kazalarda 'ağır' kırık, etkili eylemlerde 'hafif' kırık oluşma oranı daha yüksektir. Üst ekstremite ve pelvis kırıkları kadınlarda, kafa ve yüz bölgesi kırıkları ise erkeklerde daha fazladır. Etkili eylemlerde, yüz kemiklerinde kırıklar fazla; omur ve alt ekstremite kırıkları anlamlı derecede düşüktür. En fazla kırık saptanan kemikler sırasıyla nazal kemik (%20,0), kosta(lar) (%13,3), el parmak kemikleri (%9,5), radius (%8,3) ve tibiadır (%8,0). Sonuç: Oldukça büyük bir seride, adli olgularda saptanan kemik kırıklarının analizini içeren çalışma sonuçlarının, adli tıp literatürüne ve ileri çalışmalar için veri tabanı oluşturulmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Adli olgu; kemik kırığı; yaralanma; yaralanma ağırlığı
ABSTRACT
Objective: Determining the severity of injuries in forensic cases has a legal importance in determining how severe the trauma is. According to the Turkish Penal Code, the effects of bone fractures on life functions should be reported. In this study; it is aimed to discuss the causality with fracture localization, number, severity and type of trauma and how medico legal approach should be in forensic cases with bone fractures. Material and Methods: Between 2014-2020, in the Forensic Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Muğla Training and Research Hospital, the forensic reports of forensic cases with bone fractures were evaluated retrospectively. Age, gender, number and regions of fractures, the traumatic event, and the fracture severity were analyzed, the chisquare test and T test were used to compare the categorical data. Results are presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: There were fractures in 2,625 (21.9%) of the whole forensic cases. 80.4% of the cases were men and 19.6% were women. The fractures severity was found to be moderate with a rate (2-3 point) of 47.9%, there was no significant difference between men and women. Mild fractures are more common in ages between 15-24 and 25-64, and severe fractures are more common in ages between 0-14 and over 65. The rate of severe bone fractures in accidents and mild bone fractures in the beating was significantly higher. While upper extremity and pelvis fractures were more common in women, head and facial fractures were more common in men. Facial bone fractures were more common in beating injuries. Vertebral and lower extremity fractures were significantly lower. The most common broken bones were nasal (20.0%), rib(s) (13.3%), phalanx (9.5%), radius (8.3%) and tibia (8.0%), respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study, in which an indepth analysis of bone fractures detected in forensic cases in a large series will contribute to the forensic literature. We think that the results will create a database for further studies.

Keywords: Forensic case; bone fracture; injury; injury severity
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