Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

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Abdominal Cerrahi Sonrası Bireylerin Günlük Yaşam Aktivitelerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi
Determination of the Factors Affecting Daily Living Activities of Individuals After Abdominal Surgery
Emine ARICIa, Sevinç TAŞTANb
aAmeliyathane Birimi, Gülhane Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara
bHemşirelik Bölümü, Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, KKTC
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2018;10(3):188-96
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2018-59860
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Abdominal cerrahi sonrası erken dönem hemşirelik bakımının hedefleri arasında, hastaların en kısa sürede günlük yaşam aktivitelerini yapabilir hâle gelmeleri yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, abdominal cerrahi geçiren hastaların ameliyat sonrası erken postoperatif dönemde, günlük yaşam aktivitelerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlemesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, kesitsel olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, Ocak-Mayıs 2013 tarihleri arasında bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin genel cerrahi kliniğinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın örneklemini, abdominal cerrahi sonrası yatarak tedavi gören 69 hasta oluşturmuştur. Veriler, hastalarla ameliyat sonrası 3-7. günler arasında yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında kullanılan veri toplama formu iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde hastaların bazı tanıtıcı ve hastalıkları ile ilişkili özelliklere ilişkin maddeler yer almaktadır. İkinci bölümde ise Barthel Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri İndeksi bulunmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde sayı ve yüzde, Kruskall Wallis, Mann-Witney U, Paired Sample t-testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların ameliyat öncesi Barthel İndeksi toplam puan ortalaması 96,0±10,0, ameliyat sonrası puan ortalaması ise 67,7±22,6 olarak saptanmış olup, her iki puan ortalaması arasındaki fark (28,3±20,0) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Hastaların bazı tanıtıcı özelliklerine göre ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası Barthel indeksi puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak fark saptanmamıştır. Ameliyat sonrası bulantı kusması olan hastaların, ameliyat sonrası puan ortalamaları 58,8±25,7 iken, bulantı-kusması olmayanların puan ortalaması 74,3±21'dir. Bulantı kusma durumu ile ameliyat sonrası günlük yaşam aktiviteleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Ameliyat sonrası ilk bir haftalık dönemde, abdominal cerrahi olan hastaların bazı tanıtıcı özelliklerine göre günlük yaşam aktiviteleri puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Ameliyat öncesi dönemde, hastaların bağımlılık düzeylerinin hafif düzeyde, ameliyat sonrası erken dönemde ise orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hastaları taburculuk sonrası döneme hazırlamak için, en kısa sürede günlük yaşam aktivitelerini yapabilir hâle getirmek bakımın öncelikli hedefleri arasında yer almalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Cerrahi; günlük yaşam aktiviteleri; postoperatif dönem
ABSTRACT
Objective: Among the goals of early nursing care after abdominal surgery are to make patients become able to perform daily life activities as soon as possible. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect the activities of daily living in early postoperative period of patients underwent abdominal surgery. Material and Methods: The study was conducted as cross sectional research. The data of the study was conducted in the general surgery clinic of an education and research hospital between January-May 2013. The sample of the study consisted of 69 patients that received in-patient treatment after abdominal surgery. The data were collected by face-to-face interview technique between 3rd-7th days postoperatively. The data collection form used in the collection of data consists of two parts. In the first part, there are some items related to their representative and diseases of the patients. In the second part, there is the Barthel Daily Living Activities Index. In the analysis of the data, Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Paried Simple test were used. Results: Preoperative Barthel index total score was 96.0±10.0 and postoperative average was 67.7±22.6 and the mean difference between the two scores (28.3±20.0) was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative Barthel index scores according to some introductory characteristics of the patients. Postoperative scores were 58.8 ±25.7 for patients with postoperative nausea vomiting, whereas the mean score for patients without nausea vomiting was 74.3±21. There was a significant relationship between nausea and vomiting and postoperative daily activities. Conclusion: In the first week after surgery, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of daily living activities according to some descriptive characteristics of patients with abdominal surgery. In the preoperative period, it was determined that the dependency levels of the patients were mild and moderate in the early postoperative period. Patients should be among the primary targets of care to make daily life activities as soon as possible in order to prepare for post-discharge turn around.

Keywords: Surgery; daily life activities; postoperative period

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