Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

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Elit Yıldız Atletlerin Gençler ve Büyükler Kategorisindeki Başarı Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Investigation of the Success Processes of Elite Youth Athletes in the Junior and Senior Category: Descriptive Research
Sare BOSTANCIa , Hacı Ahmet PEKELb , Latif AYDOSc
aBandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Manyas Meslek Yüksekokulu, Mülkiyet Koruma ve Güvenlik Bölümü, Balıkesir, Türkiye
bGazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü, Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri ABD, Ankara, Türkiye
cGazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2024;16(1):14-22
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2023-97356
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, 1999-2013 yılları arasında Yıldızlar Dünya Şampiyonalarında final yarışan elit yıldız atletlerin ilerleyen yıllardaki başarı durumlarının incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada, atletizmde 21 branştan toplam 2.829 yıldız elit atletin takibi yapılmıştır. Veriler ''World Athletics'' veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Elit yıldız atletlerin, ilk olarak Gençler Dünya Şampiyonalarında final yarışma durumları sonrasında Büyükler Dünya Şampiyonalarında finallerde yarışma durumları, son olarak Olimpiyat Oyunlarında finallerde yarışma durumları incelenmiştir. Veriler Microsoft Excel programıyla analiz edilmiş, frekans ve yüzde (%) değerleri ele alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: 2.829 atlet içinden 716 (%25,3) atlet gençler kategorisinde final yarışabilmişken, 130 (%4,6) atlet büyükler kategorisinde final yarışmıştır. Yalnızca 80 (%2,8'i) atlet son basamak olan Olimpiyat Oyunlarında final yarışma başarısını Gösterebilmiştir Ülke sıralamasında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Almanya ve Rusya'nın ilk üçte yer aldığı görülmektedir. Cinsiyet bulgularında elit yıldız düzeyinde erkek sporcu katılımının daha fazla olduğu görülürken, gençler kategorisinden başlayarak kadın sporcuların elit düzeyde spora devam etme oranlarının erkek sporculardan daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre spora devam etme oranlarına bakıldığında en başarılı sporcuların atlama branşlarında yarışan sporcular olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca yıldızlar kategorisinde elde edilen başarıya göre büyükler kategorisindeki başarı oranında büyük bir düşüş yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Yıldızlar kategorisinde elit düzeyde yarışan atletlerin gelecek yıllarda elit seviyede spora katılımlarında büyük oranda düşüş yaşandığı görülmüştür. Yıldızlar kategorisinden büyükler kategorisine geçişte büyük bir kayba sebep olan nitelikli (elit) atlet sayısındaki kaybın; yetenek seçimi, erken özelleşme, fiziksel gelişimin bireyselliğinin göz ardı edilmesi ve uygun antrenman metotlarının uygulanmaması, ülkelerdeki sportif yapılanmaları gibi birçok faktöre dayanabileceğini ve bu çerçeveden hareketle sportif yapılanmaların oluşturulabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Atletizm; başarı düzeyi; elit seviye; alt yapı
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of the study is to examine the success of elite youth athletes who competed in the finals of the Stars World Championships between 1999 and 2013 in the following years. Material and Methods: In the study, A total of 2,829 youth elite athletes from 21 branches in athletics were tracked. Data was obtained from the "World Athletics" database. Elite youth athletes first compete in the finals of the Junior World Championships. then compete in the finals of the Senior World Championships and, finally, their status to compete in the finals of the Olympic Games. examined. Data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel program, frequency and percentage (%) values were analyzed. Results: 2.829 716 athletes (25.3%) out of the total number of athletes were able to compete in the final in the youth category, 130 (4.6%) athletes competed in the final in the senior category. Only 80 (2.8%) athletes have achieved the final step of competing in the final at the Olympic Games. In the country ranking, the United States of America, Germany and Russia in the top three of the elite youth level. In gender findings at elite youth level male athletes participated more in the youth category. starting with female athletes to continue sports at the elite level were found to be higher than male athletes. According to the findings, when we look at the rates of continuing sports, the most successful athletesIt is seen that there are athletes competing in jumping branches. Also according to the success achieved in the youth category a significant decrease in the success rate was observed. Conclusion: Youth athletes competing at the elite level in the category of elite level in the coming years.There has been a significant decline in their participation in sports. Youth athlete in the transition from the senior category to the senior category a loss in the number of qualified (elite) athletes; talent selection, early specialization, ignoring the individuality of physical development, and It is thought that it can be based on many factors such as not applying appropriate training methods, sportive structures in countries and that sportive structures can be created based on this framework.

Keywords: Track and field; success level; elite level; youth athletes
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