Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Professional Quality of Life and Psychological Empowerment Levels of Nurses': A Cross-sectional Study
Hemşirelerin Çalışma Yaşam Kalitesi ve Psikolojik Güçlendirilme Düzeyleri: Kesitsel Bir Araştırma
Melike ERTEMa, Derya UZELLİ YILMAZb, Dilek YILMAZc
aDepartment of Nursing Education, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir, TURKEY
bDepartment of Nursing Fundamentals, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir, TURKEY
cDepartment of Nursing Fundamentals, Uludağ University Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2021;13(4):906-16
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2020-79429
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the professional quality of life and psychological empowerment levels of nurses and the contributing factors affecting this relationship. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with nurses working at different clinics in a university hospital in the Aegean Region of Turkey between October 2019 and May 2020. The research data were collected via 'Socio-demographic Information Form', 'Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL)', and 'Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES)'. Results: The average age of the nurses is 32.87±9.20 years, 75.3% are female, 56.3% are undergraduate and 52.3% are single. It was determined that 39.1% of the nurses worked in surgical clinics, and it was determined that 40.2% of them worked in the unit between 1-5 years. There is a positive and strong correlation between the ProQOL 'job satisfaction' subscale mean scores and PES total mean score (p<0.01). There is a negative and statistically significant correlation between the total mean scores of 'burnout' and "empathy" subscales of ProQO and PES total mean score (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study showed that nurses' clinical environment had a profound impact on the quality of life and psychological empowerment levels and psychological empowerment had significant effect on their job satisfaction. So it is crucial to plan effective interventions like psychodrama empowering program, psychological counselling, mentor support, peer support program to reduce the level of burnout and compassion fatigue.

Keywords: Nurse; psychology; empowerment; quality of life
ÖZET
 Amaç: Araştırma, hemşirelerin çalışma yaşam kalitesi ve psikolojik güçlendirme düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel desende planlanan bu çalışma, Ekim 2019- Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında Ege Bölgesi'nde bulunan bir üniversite hastanesinin farklı kliniklerinde çalışan hemşirelerle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri; 'Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu' ile 'Çalışma Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (ÇYKÖ) ve 'Psikolojik Güçlendirme Ölçeği (PGÖ)' kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 32,87±9,20 yıl olup, %75,3'ü kadın, %56,3'ü lisans mezunu ve %52,3'ü bekârdır. Hemşirelerin %39,1'inin cerrahi kliniklerde çalıştığı belirlenmiş olup, %40,2'sinin birimdeki çalışma süresinin 1-5 yıl arasında olduğu saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin ÇYKÖ ve mesleki tatmin alt ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması ile PGÖ toplam puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönde güçlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,01). ÇYKÖ tükenmişlik ve eş duyum alt ölçekleri toplam puan ortalamaları ile PGÖ toplam puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak negatif yönde zayıf bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Sonuç: Yapılan bu çalışma sonucunda, hemşirelerin çalışma koşullarının çalışma yaşam kalitesi ve psikolojik güçlendirme düzeylerini etkilediği bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, hemşirelerin psikolojik güçlendirme düzeyinin mesleki tatmini önemli ölçüde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle tükenmişlik ve merhamet yorgunluğunu azaltmak için psikodrama güçlendirme programı, psikolojik danışma, mentor desteği, akran destek programı gibi etkili müdahaleleri planlamak çok önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemşire; psikoloji; güçlenme; yaşam kalitesi
REFERENCES:
  1. Üstün B, Partlak Günüşen N. Terminal hastalıklı hastaların hemşiresi olmak: güçlü kalabilir miyiz? [Being a nurse of terminally ill patients: can we stay strong?]. Türkiye Klinikleri J Ped Nurs Special Topics. 2018;4(3):127-32.
  2. Özgür G, Babacan Gümüş A, Gürdağ Ş. Hastanede çalışan hemşirelerde ruhsal belirtilerin incelenmesi [Investigation of psychiatric symptoms in nurses working in a hospital]. Düşünen Adam Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi. 2011;24:296-305. [Crossref] 
  3. Giusti EM, Pedroli E, D'Aniello GE, Stramba Badiale C, Pietrabissa G, Manna C, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on health professionals: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1684. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  4. Yeşil A, Ergün Ü, Amasyalı C, Er F, Olgun NN, Aker AT. Çalışanlar için yaşam kalitesi ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması [Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the professional quality of life scale]. Arch Neuropsychiatry. 2010;47(2):111-7. [Link] 
  5. Kim K, Han Y, Kwak Y, Kim JS. Professional quality of life and clinical competencies among Korean nurses. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2015;9(3):200-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Yu H, Jiang A, Shen J. Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;57:28-38. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Ruiz-Fernández MD, Pérez-García E, Ortega-Galán ÁM. Quality of life in nursing professionals: burnout, fatigue, and compassion satisfaction. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1253. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  8. Spreitzer GM. Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement, and validation. AMJ. 1995;38(5):1442-65. [Crossref] 
  9. Grafton E, Gillespie B, Henderson S. Resilience: the power within. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2010;37(6):698-705. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. O'Brien JL. Relationships among structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and burnout in registered staff nurses working in outpatient dialysis centers. Nephrol Nurs J. 2011;38:475-81.
  11. Stamm BH. The proQOL manual: The pro­fessional Quality of Life Scale. Brooklandville, MD: Sidran press. 2005. [Link] 
  12. Ertenü B. Yönetim uygulamaları ile örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik güçlendirilme algısının rolü [Doct dissert]. İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi; 2008. [Link] 
  13. Sung K, Seo Y, Kim JH. Relationships between compassion fatigue, burnout, and turnover intention in Korean hospital nurses. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2012;42(7):1087-94. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Kolthoff KL, Hickman SE. Compassion fatigue among nurses working with older adults. Geriatr Nurs. 2017;38(2):106-9. [Crossref] 
  15. Royan S, Alikhani M, Mohseni M, Alirezaei S, Khosravizadeh O, Moosavi A. Nurses' psychological empowerment in İran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ATMPH. 2017; 10(6):1558.
  16. Uchmanowicz I, Karniej P, Lisiak M, Chudiak A, Lomper K, Wiśnicka A, et al. The relationship between burnout, job satisfaction and the rationing of nursing care-a cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(8):2185-95. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Aranya N, Pollock, J, Amernic J. An examination of professional commitment in public accounting. Accounting, Organizations and Society. 1981;6(4):271-80. [Crossref] 
  18. Weiss HM. Deconstructing job satisfaction: separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review. 2002;12:173-94. [Crossref] 
  19. Karanikola MN, Papathanassoglou ED. Measuring professional satisfaction in Greek nurses: combination of qualitative and quantitative investigation to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Index of Work Satisfaction. Appl Nurs Res. 2015;28(1):48-54. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Persefoni L. Nurses' perceptions of their professional practice environment in relation to job satisfaction: A review of quantitative studies. Health Science Journal. 2014;8(3).
  21. Seren İntepeler Ş, Güneş N, Bengü N, Yılmazmış F. Bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerin iş doyumu ve kurumsal bağlılıklarındaki değişim [The change in job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses employed in a university hospital]. DEUHYO ED. 2014;7(1):2-6. [Link] 
  22. Circenis K, Millere I. Compassion fatigue, burnout and contributory factors among nurses in Latvia. Proc - Soc and Behaviour Sci. 2011;30:2042-6. [Crossref] 
  23. Young JL, Derr DM, Cicchillo VJ, Bressler S. Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress in heart and vascular nurses. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2011;34(3):227-34. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Yıldız N, Kanan N. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çalışan hemşirelerde iş doyumunu etkiyen faktörler. [The factors that affect job satisfaction in nurses working in the intensive care units]. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2005;9(1-2):8-13. [Link] 
  25. Al-Hussein RYH. The relation between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction among nurses. Medico Legal Update. 2020;20(1):1353-9. [Link] 
  26. Hunsaker S, Chen HC, Maughan D, Heaston S. Factors that influence the development of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in emergency department nurses. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2015;47(2):186-94. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Mashego TAB, Nesengani DS, Ntuli T, Wyatt G. Burnout, compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among nurses in the context of maternal and perinatal deaths. J Psych in Africa. 2016;26(5):469-72. [Crossref] 
  28. Alan H, Yıldırım A. Hemşirelerin iş yaşam kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi [The quality of work life nurses and influential factors]. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi. 2016;3(2):86-98. [Link] 
  29. Tarhan M, Dalar L. Hemşirelerin ruh sağlığı durumları ve etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi [Mental health status of nurses and affectıng factors]. Gazi Üniv Sağlık Bil Derg. 2016; 1(2):25-39. [Link] 
  30. Çatak T, Bahçecik N. Hemşirelerin iş yaşamı kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi [Determination of nurses quality of work life and influencing factors]. MÜSBED. 2015; 5(2):85-95. [Link] 
  31. Hinderer KA, VonRueden KT, Friedmann E, McQuillan KA, Gilmore R, Kramer B, et al. Burnout, compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress in trauma nurses. J Trauma Nurs. 2014;21(4): 160-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Van Mol MM, Kompanje EJ, Benoit DD, Bakker J, Nijkamp MD. The prevalence of compassion fatigue and burnout among healthcare professionals in intensive care units: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2015; 10(8):e0136955. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. Eisendrath SJ, Chamberlain JR. Intensive care and treatment. Translator: Eşel E. In: Bongard FS, Sue DY, eds. Translator ed: Güven M. Current Yoğun Bakım Tanı ve Tedavi. 2nd ed. Ankara: Güneş Kitabevi; 2004. p.466-78.
  34. Boyle DA. Countering compassion fatigue: a requisite nursing agenda. Online J Issues Nurs. 2011;16(1):2. [PubMed] 
  35. Wentzel D, Brysiewicz P. The consequence of caring too much: compassion fatigue and the trauma nurse. J Emerg Nurs. 2014;40(1):95-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com