Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and its Relationship with Mental Health and Lifestyle Variables Among Nursing Students: A Descriptive and Correlational Study
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Premenstrüel Sendrom Prevalansı ve Mental Sağlık ve Yaşam Tarzı Değişkenleriyle İlişkisi: Tanımlayıcı ve İlişki Arayıcı Bir Çalışma
Ayşe AKALINa , Ayşenur KARPUZLUKb
aDüzce University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Düzce, Türkiye
bBiga State Hospital, Clinic of Intensive Care, Çanakkale, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2025;17(2):397-405
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2024-103539
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its relationship with mental health, including depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as with demographic and lifestyle variables. Material and Methods: The descriptive correlational study was carried among 411 female nursing students between October and December 2021. Data were collected using a Questionnaire Form, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's ''post hoc'' test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was 64.0%. The most common premenstrual syndrome symptoms reported were depressive mood (76.9%), appetite changes (70.1%), fatigue (68.1%), swelling (63.5%), and irritability (63.3%). Participants experienced moderate anxiety, low depression, and low stress. Premenstrual syndrome were higher in students who smoked, drank alcohol, consumed coffee, and reported psychological problems (p<0.05). The depression, anxiety, and stress scores of participants with premenstrual syndrome were significantly higher than those without premenstrual syndrome (p<0.001). Furthermore, premenstrual syndrome showed a strong positive correlation with mental health, including depression, anxiety, and stress (r=0.659; p<0.001). Conclusion: Premenstrual syndrome is a relatively common among nursing students that is highly related to mental health, various lifestyle, and psychological factors. Holistic and tailored approaches that consider the interaction between lifestyle variables, mental well-being, and menstrual health are needed.

Keywords: Depression; premenstrual syndrome; anxiety; sociodemographic factors; life style
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı premenstrüel sendrom prevalansı ve depresyon, anksiyete ve stresi kapsayan mental sağlık, demografik ve yaşam tarzı değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel çalışma 411 kadın hemşirelik öğrencisi ile Ekim-Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında Anket Formu, Premenstrüel Sendrom Ölçeği ve Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veri değerlendirmesinde tanımlayıcı analizler, bağımsız örneklem t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Tukey ''post hoc'' testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Premenstrüel sendrom prevalansı %64,0'dır. En yaygın premenstrüel sendrom semptomları; depresif ruh hali (%76,9), iştah değişiklikleri (%70,1), yorgunluk (%68,1), şişkinlik (%63,5) ve irritabilite (%63,3) olarak bildirilmiştir. Katılımcılar orta düzeyde anksiyete, düşük depresyon ve stres deneyimlemektedir. Premenstruel sendrom puanları sigara ve alkol kullanan, kahve tüketen ve psikolojik sorunlar deneyimlediğini belirten öğrencilerde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Premenstruel sendromu olan katılımcıların depresyon, anksiyete ve stres puanları, olmayanlara göre anlamlı şekilde daha yüksektir (p<0,001). Ayrıca premenstrüel sendrom depresyon, anksiyete ve stresi kapsayan mental sağlık durumu ile güçlü pozitif bir korelasyon göstermektedir (r=0,659; p<0,001). Sonuç: Premenstrüel sendrom, hemşirelik öğrencileri arasında nisbeten yaygın olup mental sağlık, çeşitli yaşam tarzı ve psikolojik faktörlerle yakından ilişkilidir. Yaşam tarzı, ruhsal iyilik ve menstrüel sağlık arasındaki etkileşimi göz önünde bulunduran bütüncül ve kişiye özel yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Depresyon; premenstrüel sendrom; anksiyete; sosyodemografik faktörler; yaşam tarzı
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