Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Intracranial Pressure Measurement of and Investigation of the Effect of Aquaporin on Hydrocephalus Induced byExperimental Kaolin and Autologous Blood Injection: An Animal Study
Deneysel Kaolin ve Otolog Kan Enjeksiyonu ile İndüklenen Hidrosefali Üzerine Aquaporin Etkisinin İntrakraniyal Basınç Ölçümü ve Araştırılması: Hayvan Deneyi
Elif BAŞARAN GÜNDOĞDUa , Hasan Emre AYDINb , Zehra AVCI KÜPELİc
aDepartment of Brain and Nerve Surgery, University of Health Sciences Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye
bClinic of Brain and Nerve Surgery, Kütahya Health Sciences University of Medicine, Kütahya, Türkiye
cDepartment of Pathology, Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2023;43(2):149-59
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2022-93849
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Hydrocephalus is a condition in which brain tissue is damaged due to ventricular enlargement. In experimental models, hydrocephalus was induced by injecting various substances into the cerebrospinal fluid pathway or creating a subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Material and Methods: Five experimental groups were formed. The stereotaxic frame was placed in accordance with the coordinates calculated for the cisterna magna. In Group 1, only a spinal puncture was performed. In Group 2, a hydrocephalus model was created by injecting kaolin (Group 2A) and autologous blood (Group 2B). A hydrocephalus model was created with kaolin in Group 3, autologous blood in Group 4, and acetazolamide treatment was applied to both groups post-injection. Autologous blood was taken from the experimental groups before decapitation, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1 were measured by the ELISA method. After histological staining, the lateral ventricle size was measured. Intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements were taken on days 0 and 7 in all groups. Results: There was a significant increase in ICP in Groups 2A and 2B. TNF-α and IL-1 values increased more significantly in the groups that did not receive acetazolamide treatment compared to the group that received treatment. Conclusion: There was an increase in ventricle dimensions and ICP as well as TNF-α and IL-1 levels in both hydrocephalus models. Acetazolamide treatment was seen to be significantly more effective in kaolin group. This study is important because it is the first in the literature to perform biochemical and histopathological examination and ICP measurements all in the same hydrocephalus model.

Keywords: Hydrocephalus; interleukin 1; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; acetazolamide; intracranial pressure
ÖZET
 Amaç: Hidrosefali, ventriküler genişleme nedeniyle beyin dokusunun hasar gördüğü bir durumdur. Deneysel modellerde, beyin omurilik sıvısı yollarına çeşitli maddeler enjekte edilerek veya bir subaraknoid kanama modeli oluşturularak hidrosefali meydana getirildi. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Toplam 5 deney grubu oluşturuldu. Stereotaktik frame sisterna magna konumunun tespiti için kullanıldı. Grup 1'de sadece spinal ponksiyon yapıldı. Grup 2'de kaolin (Grup 2A) ve otolog kan (Grup 2B) enjekte edilerek hidrosefali modeli oluşturuldu. Grup 3'te kaolin enjeksiyonu, Grup 4'te otolog kan enjeksiyonu ile hidrosefali modeli oluşturuldu ve enjeksiyon sonrası her iki gruba da asetazolamid tedavisi uygulandı. Dekapitasyon öncesi deney gruplarından otolog arter kanı alındı ve tümör nekrozis faktör-alfa (TNF-α) ve interlökin (IL)-1 seviyeleri ELISA yöntemi ile ölçüldü. Histolojik boyamadan sonra da lateral ventrikül boyutu ölçüldü ve grup içi ortalamalar hesaplandı. Tüm gruplarda 0 ve 7. günlerde intrakraniyal basınç [intracranial pressure (ICP)] ölçümleri alındı. Bulgular: 2A ve 2B gruplarında ICP'de anlamlı bir artış oldu. Asetazolamid tedavisi almayan gruplarda, tedavi gören gruba göre TNF-α ve IL-1 değerleri anlamlı olarak daha arttı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda oluşturulan 2 ayrı hidrosefali modelinde, TNF-α, IL-1, ICP ve ventrikül boyutlarında artış saptandı, Asetazolamid tedavisinin daha çok kaolin grubunda etkili olduğu anlaşıldı. Bu çalışma, literatürde biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik inceleme ile ICP ölçümlerini aynı hidrosefali modelinde gerçekleştiren ilk çalışma olması nedeniyle önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hidrosefali; interlökin-1; tümör nekrozis faktör-alfa; asetazolamid; intrakraniyal basınç
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