Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Determination of COL1A1 rs1800012 Polymorphism Related to Ligament and Tendon Injury in Turkish Professional Bodybuilders: Experimental Research
Türk Profesyonel Vücut Geliştirmecilerde Bağ ve Tendon Yaralanmalarına İlişkin COL1A1 rs1800012 Polimorfizminin Belirlenmesi: Deneysel Araştırma
Özlem Özge YILMAZa , Tolga POLATa , Beste TACAL ASLANb , İpek YÜKSELc , Kubilay GÖÇÜCÜd , Raif ZİLELİe , Korkut ULUCANb
aDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
bDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Türkiye
cLaboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Üsküdar University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
dProgram of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Kent University Vocational School of Health Services, İstanbul, Türkiye
eDepartment of Child Development, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Faculty of Health Science, Bilecik, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2024;16(1):1-6
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2023-97720
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Athletic performance is affected by genetic and environmental factors. Bodybuilding has been increasing around the world in recent years and it is accepted that the factors affecting athletic performance are the most important influences to achieve success in bodybuilding. The aim of our study is to determine the distribution of COL1A1 rs1800012 polymorphism associated with ligament and tendon injuries due to muscle tears with weight training and to compare the results with sedentary individuals. Material and Methods: A total of 15 Turkish bodybuilders and 50 sedentary individuals as a control group participated in our study. DNA isolation from peripheral blood samples of athletes was performed using a commercial kit (Invitrogen, Van Allen Way Carlsbad, Calif., USA). Genotyping was done by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: GG genotype and G allele were higher in both bodybuilders and control groups. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of genotype and allelic frequency of the COL1A1 rs1800012 polymorphism between the bodybuilders and the control group. Conclusion: Our study is the first to examine the COL1A1 rs1800012 polymorphism in Turkish bodybuilders. Our results report that the TT genotype and T allele may be protective against ligament and tendon injuries, similar to the literature. We think that similar studies will guide future studies in terms of sports injuries and COL1A1 rs1800012 polymorphism.

Keywords: Bodybuilder; COL1A1; injuries risk; polymorphisms; sports genetics
ÖZET
 Amaç: Atletik performans, genetik ve çevresel faktörlerden etkilenir. Vücut geliştirme, son yıllarda tüm dünyada artış göstermekte ve vücut geliştirmede başarıya ulaşmada atletik performansı etkileyen faktörlerin en önemli etkenler olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı, ağırlık antrenmanı ile kas yırtılmalarına bağlı bağ ve tendon yaralanmalarına ait COL1A1 rs1800012 polimorfizminin dağılımını belirlemek ve sonuçları sedanter bireyler ile karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza kontrol grubu olarak toplam 15 Türk vücut geliştirmeci ve 50 sedanter birey katıldı. Sporcuların periferik kan örneklerinden DNA izolasyonu ticari bir kit (Invitrogen, Van Allen Way Carlsbad, Calif., ABD) kullanılarak yapıldı. Genotipleme, gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile yapıldı. Bulgular: GG genotipi ve G aleli hem vücut geliştirmecilerde hem de kontrol gruplarında daha yüksekti. Ayrıca vücut geliştiriciler ile kontrol grubu arasında COL1A1 rs1800012 polimorfizminde genotip ve alelik frekans açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu. Sonuç: Çalışmamız, Türk vücut geliştirme sporcularında COL1A1 rs1800012 polimorfizmini inceleyen ilk çalışmadır. Sonuçlarımız literatüre benzer şekilde TT genotipi ve T alelinin bağ ve tendon yaralanmalarına karşı koruyucu olabileceğini bildirmektedir. Spor yaralanmaları ve COL1A1 rs1800012 polimorfizmi açısından benzer çalışmaların ileride yapılacak çalışmalara yön vereceğini düşünüyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Vücut geliştirmeci; COL1A1; yaralanma riski; polimorfizmler; spor genetiği
REFERENCES:
  1. Korkut U, Yalçın S, Akbaş B, Uyumaz F, Konuk M. Analysis of Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4 Gene promoter polymorphism in young Turkish basketball players. The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences. 2014;1(2):37-40. [Crossref] 
  2. Bulgay C, Kasakolu A, Kazan HH, Mijaica R, Zorba E, Akman O, et al. Exome-wide association study of competitive performance in elite athletes. Genes. 2023;14(3):660. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  3. Bulgay C, Bayraktar I, Ödemiş M, Yıldırım DS, Ergün MA, Cerit M, et al. Investigation of the ACTN3 gene polymorphism (rs1815739) and FMS values in young runners: cross-sectional research. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2023;15(2):223-9. [Crossref] 
  4. Ulucan K, Yalcin S, Akbas B, Uyumaz F, Konuk M. Genç Türk basketbol oyuncularında SLC6A4 promotor polimorfizminin analizi [Analysis of solute carrier family 6 member 4 gene promoter polymorphism in young Turkish basketball players]. The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences. 2014;1(2):37-40. [Crossref] 
  5. Wang C, Li H, Chen K, Wu B, Liu H. Association of polymorphisms rs1800012 in COL1A1 with sports-related tendon and ligament injuries: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(16):27627-34. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  6. Egesoy H, Gümüşdağ H, Kartal A. Gen dopingi ve sportif performans [Gene doping and sports performance]. Hitit Journal of Social Sciences. 2013;6(1):71-85. [Link] 
  7. Gumusdag H. Sports injuries prevention and treatment. Ann Physiother Occup Ther. 2021;4(2):000195. [Crossref] 
  8. Gümüşdağ H, Egesoy H, Cerit E. Sporda toparlanma stratejileri [The strategies of recovery in sport]. Journal of Social Sciences Institute. 2015;8(1):53-69. [Crossref] 
  9. Helms ER, Aragon AA, Fitschen PJ. Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014;11:20. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Frank CB. Ligament structure, physiology and function. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2004;4(2):199-201. [PubMed] 
  11. Cabral WA, Makareeva E, Colige A, Letocha AD, Ty JM, Yeowell HN, et al. Mutations near amino end of alpha1(I) collagen cause combined osteogenesis imperfecta/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome by interference with N-propeptide processing. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(19):19259-69. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Collins M, Posthumus M, Schwellnus MP. The COL1A1 gene and acute soft tissue ruptures. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44(14):1063-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Tacal Aslan B, Funda Eken B, Kaman T, Sercan C, Ulucan K. Collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) rs1800012 polymorphism in cyclists. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences. 2020;11(2):1-4. [Link] 
  14. Khoschnau S, Melhus H, Jacobson A, Rahme H, Bengtsson H, Ribom E, et al. Type I collagen alpha1 Sp1 polymorphism and the risk of cruciate ligament ruptures or shoulder dislocations. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(12):2432-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Posthumus M, September AV, Keegan M, O'Cuinneagain D, Van der Merwe W, Schwellnus MP, et al. Genetic risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament ruptures: COL1A1 gene variant. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(5):352-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Posthumus M, September AV, Schwellnus MP, Collins M. Investigation of the Sp1-binding site polymorphism within the COL1A1 gene in participants with Achilles tendon injuries and controls. J Sci Med Sport. 2009;12(1):184-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Ficek K, Cieszczyk P, Kaczmarczyk M, Maciejewska-Karłowska A, Sawczuk M, Cholewinski J, et al. Gene variants within the COL1A1 gene are associated with reduced anterior cruciate ligament injury in professional soccer players. J Sci Med Sport. 2013;16(5):396-400. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Stępien-Słodkowska M, Ficek K, Eider J, Leońska-Duniec A, Maciejewska-Karłowska A, Sawczuk M, et al. The +1245g/t polymorphisms in the collagen type I alpha 1 (col1a1) gene in polish skiers with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Biol Sport. 2013;30(1):57-60. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  19. Dines HR, Nixon J, Lockey SJ, Herbert AJ, Kipps C, Pedlar CR, et al. Collagen gene polymorphisms previously associated with resistance to soft-tissue injury are more common in competitive runners than nonathletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2022;8:126. [PubMed] 
  20. Jacob Y, Anderton RS, Cochrane Wilkie JL, Rogalski B, Laws SM, Jones A, et al. Genetic Variants within NOGGIN, COL1A1, COL5A1, and IGF2 are Associated with Musculoskeletal Injuries in Elite Male Australian Football League Players: A Preliminary Study. Sports Med Open. 2022;8(1):126. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  21. Erduran M, Altinisik J, Meric G, Ates O, Ulusal AE, Akseki D. Is Sp1 binding site polymorphism within COL1A1 gene associated with tennis elbow? Gene. 2014;537(2):308-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Bulğay C, Doğan C, Çetin E, Polat T, Eken B, Akkoç O, Ulucan K. Collagen type 1 gene (COL1A1) rs1800012 polymorphism in long and short distance runners. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021;56(1):28-32. [Crossref] 
  23. Polat T, Dogan CS, Dogan M, Akçay T, Ulucan K. Distribution of α-actinin-3 rs1815739 and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme InDel polymorphisms in Turkish bodybuilders. Biomed Rep. 2020;13(6):67. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com